Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Two oviducts (Fallopian tubes). 2. Uterus. 3. Vagina. 4. External genitalia. 5. Two mammary glands.
The ovaries
The ovary is a flattened almond-shaped small body, divided into peripheral cortex and central medulla. The cortex is broad and contains the ovarian follicles separated by the inter-follicular tissue. The medulla consists of highly vascular C.T., having elastic fibers, smooth muscle fibers, lymphatics and nerves.
Ovulation
It occurs between day 10-14 of the ovarian cycle. It is under influence of LH of pituitary. The Graafian follicle rupture through the stigma due to increase of liquor folliculi. After ovulation, the oocyte with its surrounding corona radiata enters the oviduct, complete its first meiotic division and start the second meiotic division (which is completed after fertilization).
Corpus Luteum
It is considered as a temporary endocrine organ. Basement membrane between theca interna and granulosa cells dissolves, and capillaries grow in-between granulosa cells. After ovulation, granulosa cells enlarge and accumulate lipid droplets and called granulosa lutein cells. Under influence of LH, the granulosa cell secrete progesterone and estrogen. The same also happens to theca interna cells which are now called theca lutein cells.
Corpus Luteum
Granulosa lutein cells
1. 2.
Musculosa: inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers. Serosa: areolar connective tissue covered by simple
The oviduct
The oviduct
It extends from the ovary to the uterus. It is divided into 4 segments: 1. Infundibulum: funnel-shaped opening, having finger-like processes (fimbriae). 2. Ampulla: the widest part, where fertilization usually occurs. 3. Isthmus: narrow part near to uterus. 4. Intramural part: traverses the uterine wall.
Mucosa: highly folded and is formed of A. Epithelium: simple columnar, partly ciliated (to moved the ovum
toward the uterus) and partly non-ciliated (secretory peg cells, nutritive to the ovum). B. Lamina propria: connective tissue rich in blood vessels.
1. 2.
Musculosa: inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers. Serosa: areolar connective tissue covered by simple
The oviduct
The Uterus
It is a thick-walled pear-shaped organ which has a narrow lumen. It is formed of body and cervix. The body is formed of 3 layers: 1. Endometrium. 2. Myometrium. 3. Perimetrium.
The endometrium
It is lined by simple columnar epithelium. Its lamina propria contains simple tubular mucous glands lined by columnar epithelium and may reach to the myometrium. It undergoes cyclic changes in response to ovarian hormones. It is divided into superficial layer (stratum functionalis) and deep layer (stratum basalis).
Uterine wall
The myometrium
3 layers of smooth muscle fibers and connective tissue. They are not easily distinguished from each other. The middle layer is called stratum vascularis and contains numerous large blood vessels. During pregnancy, the smooth muscle fibers increase in length.
The perimetrium
It is formed of areolar connective tissue, blood vessels and covered by simple squamous mesothelium.
Stratum functionalis appears deeply stained because of the closely packed stromal cells.
The Cervix
It consists of: 1. Endometrium: Epithelium: simple columnar mucoussecreting epithelium. Lamina propria: contains branched tubular glands secreting mucous. The cervical endometrium does not change during the menstrual cycle, only the amount and consistency of the mucous change. 1. Myometrium: dense connective tissue and few amount of smooth muscle fibers. 2. Adventitia: connective tissue (no peritoneum)
The Vagina
It consists of: 1. Mucosa: Epithelium: stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium rich in glycogen. Lamina propria: contains lymphatic nodules but no glands. 1. Musculosa: longitudinal muscle fibers continuous with uterine muscles. 2. Adventitia: dense connective tissue.
The Vagina