Cell Division

Cells divide to increase

their numbers through a
process of mitosis, which
results in two daughter cells
with identical sets of
chromosomes.
 Vocabulary
• Mitosis • Centriole
• Cytokinesis • Spindle
• Chromatid • Metaphase
• Centromere • Anaphase
• Interphase • Telophase
• Cell cycle • Stem cells
• Prophase
 Cell Division
• Sequence of events
during which the cell
first grows and
develops, then
divides
• Product is two new
cells with identical
sets of chromosomes
• Two stages of cell
division: mitosis and
cytokinesis
 New Cells
• Mitosis is a process
which creates new
cells
• Multicellular
organisms grow and
develop
• In humans mitosis
begins shortly after
the egg is fertilized
• “asexual”
reproduction
 The Cell Cycle
• Series of events that
cells go through as
they grow and divide
• Growth stage
• DNA replication
stage
• Preparation for
mitosis
• mitosis
 Two stages of cell division
Mitosis Cytokinesis
• Divided into four • Division of the
stages cytoplasm and
– Prophase organelles
– Metaphase • Usually occurs at the
– Anaphase same time as
– telophase telophase
• Animals-cleavage
furrow
• Plants- cell plate
 What are chromosomes?
• Found in Eukaryotic cells
• Genetic material
• Cells of every organism
have a specific number of
chromosomes
• Humans have 46
chromosomes
• Made of chromatin= DNA
+ proteins (histones)
 prophase
• First and longest stage
• Chromosomes become
visible
• Centrioles separate and
move opposite to nucleus
• Spindles help separate
chromosomes
• Nuclear envelope
disappears
 metaphase
• Second stage
• Lasts only a few
minutes
• Chromosomes line up
in middle
• Microtubules connect
to centromere
 anaphase
• Third phase
• Centromeres that join
sister chromatids split
allowing them to become
individual chromosomes
• Chromosomes continue
to move until they form
two groups at the poles
• When they stop=
anaphase ends
 telophase
• Fourth stage
• Chromosomes begin
to disperse
• Nuclear envelope re-
forms
• Spindle break apart
• Nucleolus become
visible
 Cytokinesis
• Final stage of cell
division
• Usually occurs at the
same time as
telophase
• Animals cells:
cleavage furrow
• Plants: cell plate
develops