Text book: Oppenheim A. V.

, Willsky
A. S. and Nawab S. H., Signal and
Systems, Prentice Hall
Reference Books:
Sanjay Sharma, S. K. Kataria , Signal and Systems &
Sons
Signals and Systems by Alexander d. Poularikas and
Samual Seely.

Signal Properties
Representation of Signals
Operations on Signals
Elementary Signals
System Properties
Convolution Sum and its Properties
Difference Equations
Sampling and Aliasing
Frequency, Z Doman and Laplace
Transform

1
st
OHT: Week 6
2
nd
OHT: Week 11
3
rd
OHT: Week 16

5 Assignment
7 Quizzes



M Abdul Rehman
Lecturer
Education
Experience
Never lie to me or Make false promises
Never ever disgrace me.
If there is a problem with me than do talk
to me first, than to others.
You are welcome for any
question/problem discussion, whenever
you want.
Come in Class on Time
You have to be in proper dress
Use of mobile in prohibited in Class
Use of unfair means in also strictly
prohibited in Class Test/ Home
Assignments/ OHTs/ Final Examinations
Assignments: 5%
Quizzes: 5%
Mids : 20%
Semester Project: 10%
Final Paper : 60%

Applications
Analog, Discrete and Digital Signals
Intentional alteration of auditory signals,
or sound
As audio signals may be electronically
represented in either digital or analog
format, signal processing may occur in
either domain.
Analog processors operate directly on
the electrical signal, while digital
processors operate mathematically on
the binary representation of that signal.
Processing methods and application
areas include storage, level
compression, data compression,
transmission, enhancement (e.g.,
equalization, filtering, noise cancellation,
echo etc.)
Solution
Echo Path in hands free communications
Echo
Canceller
Talker
Listener
Medium

+
Edge Detection and Object Recognition
Discrete time signals are those signals which are
defined for the discrete instant of time

Continuous Time signals are those signals which are
defined for every instant of time
Sampling
( ) t x
t
( )
s
nT x
n
| | n x
s
s
T
F
1
=
Sampling Frequency
=
=
s
T
Sampling Time
Uniform Sampling
( )

< <
=
otherwise
t t
t x
0
1 1 1
s T
s
25 . 0 =
Determine the discrete time
signals obtained by uniform
sampling of
( ) t x
by
a.
s T
s
5 . 0 =
b.
s T
s
1 =
c.
( ) t x
t
1
1
0 2 4
2
4 0 1 2
1
2
0 1 1
s T
s
25 . 0 =
5 . 0 =
s
T
s T
s
1 =
| | n x
n
n
n
s T
s
25 . 0 = s T
s
1 = s T
s
5 . 0 =
Discrete Signals : Obtained by sampling
the analog signal at discrete instants of
time. However the magnitude of the
discrete signals is same as that of the
analog signal at that point in time.
Digital Signal : When the magnitude of
the discrete signal is quantized to the
nearest integer, we get a digital signal.