Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

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What is IPM?

Ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties.

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Reasons for IPM

Chemical pesticides can impact the human health and ecosystems Example: DDT, a pesticide, can accumulate in the fatty tissue of animals and affect bird reproduction
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 Insects can become resistant to chemical pesticides Approximately 500 species of insects are resistant to one or more pesticides

Reasons for IPM

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How does IPM work?

Reduces the amount of chemical pesticides by using three possible approaches: 1. Mechanical 2. Biological 3. Chemical
Adapted from Retail Best Practices and Guide to Food Safety and Sanitation 2003

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Mechanical approach:
Limits the pest's access to food, water and harborage sites (i.e. proper storage of food/water supplies or installation or repair of physical barriers to future pest intrusion use of mechanical devices (i.e. traps) Example Japanese beetle traps
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Biological approach:
Introduction of a natural enemy of the pest Example Lady bugs feed on aphids and can be introduced to reduce the aphid population on crops
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Chemical approach:
Pesticide applications that have minimal risks associated with their use Using the least amount of chemicals that will still be effective
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Insects use of Pheromones

Pheromones are chemicals emitted by an animal that signals another animal of the same species. Example: female gypsy moths emit a pheromone to attract a male

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Pheromones and IPM

Pheromones can be utilized to catch or deter insects Example: Pheromone traps, which contain the pheromone emitted by the female gypsy moth can be set to catch male moths
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Advantages & DisadvantagesIndividual using IPM of IPM Reduce chemicals

being used May reduce # of pesticide resistant insects Only uses chemicals if necessary Long term benefits (lower cost for chemicals, better for environment and human health) must be educated about the options Takes more time to initiate than simply spraying for pests Must be closely monitored for best results Natural enemies of pests may become pests themselves
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