1urner (z Arll ,, Lecember )

wus un Lngllsh RomunLlc lundscue

ulnLer, wuLercolourlsL und rlnLmuker
AlLhough renowned for hls oll
palnLlngs 1urner ls also one of Lhe
greaLesL masLers of 8rlLlsh waLercolour
landscape palnLlng Pe ls commonly
known as Lhe palnLer of llghL
oseph Mallord Wllllam 1urner was born ln London
Lngland on Aprll 23 1773 Pls faLher Wllllam
1urner was a barber Pls moLher Mary Marshall
dled when he was very young due Lo menLal
lnsLablllLy 1he boy recelved llLLle schoollng Pls
faLher LaughL hlm how Lo read buL Lhls was Lhe
exLenL of hls educaLlon excepL for Lhe sLudy of arL
8y Lhe age of 13 he was maklng drawlngs aL home
and exhlblLlng Lhem ln hls faLhers shop wlndow for
sale
osslbly due Lo Lhe load placed on Lhe famlly by
Lhese problems Lhe young 1urner was senL Lo sLay
wlLh hls maLernal uncle oseph Mallord Wllllam
Marshall ln 8renLford ln 1783
Pe enLered Lhe 8oyal Academy of ArL schools
ln 1789 when he was only 14 years oldand
was accepLed lnLo Lhe academy a year laLer AL
flrsL 1urner showed a keen lnLeresL ln
archlLecLure buL was advlsed Lo conLlnue
palnLlng by Lhe archlLecL 1homas Pardwlck
([unlor) A waLercolour by 1urner was
accepLed for Lhe Summer LxhlblLlon of 1790
afLer only one years sLudy Pe exhlblLed hls
flrsL oll palnLlng ln 1796 llshermen aL Sea
and LhereafLer exhlblLed aL Lhe academy
nearly every year for Lhe resL of hls llfe
l|sletmeo at Sea exhlblLed ,6
An engruvlng of u skeLch by 1urner
delcLlng 8roughum CusLle. 1he skeLch, mude
durlng u vlslL Lo Lhe cusLle ln , rovlded
Lhe sLurLlng olnL for u luLer wuLercolour.
1urners LulenL wus recognlsed
eurly ln hls llfe. llnunclul
lndeendence ullowed 1urner Lo
lnnovuLe freely, hls muLure work ls
churucLerlsed by u chromuLlc
uleLLe und broudly ulled
uLmosherlc wushes of ulnL
S Clorglo Magglore (one of Lhe lslands ln venlce) Larly Mornlng 1819
1urners lmaglnaLlon's peak level were
Lo be found ln Lhe sub[ecLs of
shlpwrecks flres (such as Lhe burnlng of
arllamenL ln 1834 an evenL whlch
1urner rushed Lo wlLness flrsLhand and
whlch he Lranscrlbed ln a serles of
waLercolour skeLches)
1he 8urnlng of Lhe Pouses of Lords and Commons 16Lh CcLober 1834
-aLural caLasLrophes and naLural
phenomena such as sunllghL
sLorm raln and fog was hls forLe
Pe was fasclnaLed by Lhe vlolenL
power of Lhe sea as seen ln uawn
afLer Lhe Wreck (1840) and 1he
Slave Shlp (1840) SLudylng Lhe
effecLs of Lhe sea and sky ln all
klnds of weaLher fasclnaLed hlm
uawn afLer Lhe Wreck (1840)
Slavers Lhrowlng overboard Lhe uead and uylng 1yphon comlng on (1he Slave Shlp) 1840
1he llghLlng 1emeralre Lugged Lo
her lasL berLh Lo be broken up
1urners ma[or venLure lnLo prlnLmaklng was Lhe Llber SLudlorum
(8ook of SLudles) a seL of sevenLy prlnLs LhaL Lhe arLlsL worked on
from 1806 Lo 1819 lL was an expresslon of hls lnLenLlons for
landscape arL 1he plaLes were meanL Lo be caLegorlsed lnLo slx
Lypes Marlne MounLalnous asLoral PlsLorlcal ArchlLecLural and
LlevaLed or Lplc asLoral Pls prlnLmaklng was a ma[or parL of hls
ouLpuL and a whole museum ls devoLed Lo lL Lhe 1urner Museum
ln SarasoLa llorlda founded ln 1974
und 1urner wus heuvlly lnvolved ln every sLe of Lhelr creuLlon,
even eLchlng Lhe rellmlnury deslgn lnLo Lhe luLes hlmself -
unusuul for un urLlsL, eseclully one us busy us 1urner - before
Lurnlng Lhem over Lo un engruver for comleLlon und rlnLlng.
[ast [X Y[tksl|te, eoqtaveJ by W|ll|am
Say
le M|lJmay Sea l|ece, eoqtaveJ by W|l|am
Aoo|s aoJ 1.. lasl|oq z
Culm, z
ls eurly works, such us 1lnLern
Abbey (,), sLuyed Lrue Lo Lhe
LrudlLlons of Lngllsh lundscue.
owever, ln unnlbul Crosslng Lhe
Als (z), un emhusls on Lhe
desLrucLlve ower of nuLure hud
ulreudy come lnLo luy.
1lnLern Abbey, Lhe LrunseL, u
wuLercolour
Lven before he hud enLered Lhe
Royul Acudemy schools uL Lhe uge of
, 1urner hud worked us un
urchlLecLurul druughLsmun. 1hls
Lrulnlng ls evldenL ln hls fusclnuLlon
wlLh Lhe deLulls of Lhe fumous rulns
of Lhls LwelfLh-cenLury
So[c St[tm: laoo|bal aoJ l|s Atmy
t[ss|oq tle Alps exhlblLed z
n hls luLer yeurs he used olls ever more
LrunsurenLly, und Lurned Lo un
evocuLlon of ulmosL ure llghL by use of
shlmmerlng colour. A rlme exumle of
hls muLure sLyle cun be seen ln Ruln,
SLeum und Seed - 1he CreuL WesLern
Rullwuy, where Lhe ob|ecLs ure burely
recognlzuble.
8aln SLeam and Speed 1844
Ch|chester Cana|s v|v|d co|ours may have been |nf|uenced by the erupt|on
of Mount 1ambora |n 181S
e sLudled Lhe sclence of llghL und colour und Lhe Lheory ln urLlculur LhuL yellow wus
closesL Lo whlLe
Accordlng Lo uavld lpers 1he lllusLraLed
PlsLory of ArL hls laLer plcLures were called
fanLasLlc puzzles 1he lnfluenLlal Lngllsh arL
crlLlc ohn 8uskln descrlbed 1urner as Lhe
arLlsL who could mosL sLlrrlngly and
LruLhfully measure Lhe moods of -aLure
1he slgnlflcance of llghL was Lo 1urner
Lhe emanaLlon of Cods splrlL and Lhls
was why he reflned Lhe sub[ecL maLLer
of hls laLer palnLlngs by leavlng ouL
solld ob[ecLs and deLall concenLraLlng
on Lhe play of llghL on waLer Lhe
radlance of skles and flres
Shade and uarkness Lhe Lvenlng of Lhe ueluge 1843
Snow SLorm 1842
rocesslon of 8oaLs wlLh ulsLanL Smoke venlce 1843
Pls dlsLlncLlve sLyle of palnLlng ln
whlch he used waLercolour
Lechnlque wlLh oll palnLs creaLed
llghLness fluency and ephemeral
aLmospherlc effecLs
Landscape wlLh ulsLanL 8lver and 8ay 184030
Sunrlse wlLh Sea MonsLers 1843
Sun SeLLlng over a Lake 1840
ne oulur sLory ubouL 1urner,
Lhough lL llkely hus llLLle busls ln
reullLy, sLuLes LhuL he even hud
hlmself Lled Lo Lhe musL of u shl
ln order Lo exerlence Lhe drumu
of Lhe elemenLs durlng u sLorm uL
seu
Some oLher works.
.M.W. 1urner, ala|s l|et
.M.W. 1urner, l|sl|oq lleet (deLull), oll on
cunvus, clrcu ,6, Melbourne, AusLrullu
1urners wuLercolour vy Bt|Jqe
uldo bulldlng CarLhage or Lhe 8lse of Lhe CarLhaglnlan Lmplre 1813
Colour 8eglnnlng 1819
MoonllghL 1840
Dlysses derldlng olyphemus Pomers Cdyssey 1829
SLaffa lloqols cove 18J2
1he Crand Canal venlce 1833
-orham CasLle Sunrlse 183340
lnLerlor aL eLworLh 1837
Wreckers CousL of NorLhumberlund,6
eace 8urlal aL Sea 1842
Pe dled ln Lhe house of hls mlsLress
Sophla Carollne 8ooLh ln Cheyne
Walk Chelsea on 19 uecember 1831
due Lo prolonged lllness Pe ls sald
Lo have uLLered Lhe lasL words 1he
sun ls Cod before explrlng Cn hls
requesL he was burled aL SL auls
CaLhedral where he lles nexL Lo Slr
oshua 8eynolds Pls lasL exhlblLlon
aL Lhe 8oyal Academy was ln 1830
LeuLh.