Scope of anatomy and physiology,terminologies

ANATOMY
Branch of biomedical science dealing with normal structure,shape,size, and location of various parts of body. Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy,surface anatomy,systemic anatomy,regional anatomy,development anatomy,cytology,histology,embryology.
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PHYSIOLOGY
Branch of biomedical science,dealing with normal functioning of various organs in the body. It is subdivided as: Cell physiology.System physiology,CV physiology,Renal physiology,Neuro physiology,Endocrinology,Reproductive physiology,Respiratory physiology, Immunology,Pathophysiology. 5/4/2012 care college of pharmacy

Complimentary basic medical sciences

Anatomy

Physiology

Biochemistry

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Organization the Human body The human body has many levels of structural organization The simplest level of the structural hierarchy is the (A) Chemical level (B) The cellular level (C) Tissue level (D) Organ level (E) Organ system (F) Oranisimal level
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Major organ systems

Musculoskeletal system Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Urinary system Lymphatic & immune system Digestive system Nervous system Endocrine system Reproductive system of pharmacy 5/4/2012 care college

Planes
Sagittal: divides the body or organ vertically into right and left unequal parts Medial/Mid-sagittal: divides the body or organ vertically into equal right and left parts Coronal/Frontal: divides the body or organ vertically into anterior and posterior parts Transverse: divides the body or organ horizontally or into cranial/caudal parts
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Directions and locations Anterior, front side of the body, also known as ventral. Caudal, in quadrapeds, the tail end. Cranial, above or near the head, also known as superior. Distal, farthest end from the trunk or head. Dorsal, back side of the body, also known as the posterior. Inferior toward the feet. Infra-, prefix meaning below or under. Lateral, away from the midline. Proximal, closest part nearest the trunk or head.

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Body cavities
A. Ventral (Anterior) 1. Thoracic: chest, superior to the diaphragm
a. Right pleural: right lung b. Left pleural: left lung c. Mediastinum: heart (in pericardial cavity), trachea, right/left bronchus, esophagus, thymus gland, aorta/aortic arch, vena cava
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2. Abdominopelvic: inferior to diaphragm

a. Abdominal: liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys, ureters b. Pelvic: bladder, female reproductive organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries), male reproductive organs (prostate, seminal vesicles, part of vas deferens), part of large intestine (colon, rectum)
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B. Dorsal (Posterior) 1. Cranial: houses the brain 2. Spinal: houses the spinal cord

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