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Art History Review

From Justinian to Gothic

Key Terms

Squinch a small single arch or series of concentric corbeled arches; used for transitioning to a dome Codex the ancestor of the modern book Vellum parchment sheets made from calfskin Cloisonn- a multi-colored surface made by pouring enamels into compartments outlined by bent wire fillets or strips Interlace a form of decoration composed of strips or ribbons that are intertwined, usually symmetrically about a longitudinal axis Terracological of or pertaining to animals (often fantastical- not real- animals) Illuminated manuscripts hand-decorated pages of text Anthropomorphism imagery of God Reliquary a container for relics

Key Terms

Radiating chapels chapels that protrude from the main apse; part of control of traffic. Compartmentalization each piece is clearly identified; does not flow together smoothly Topology - The study of geometric properties and spatial relations Tympanum a lunette over the doorway of a church, often decorated with sculpture Archivolt the ornamental band or molding surrounding the tympanum Rosette the circular stylization of a rose Trumeau a central post supporting the lintel in a double doorway Module a unit of measurement Colonettes bundles of columns (some engaged)

Hagia Sophia
WHO: Anthemius and Isidoros
(Commissioned by Justinian)

WHAT: Brick, basketweave

capitals, monolithic columns

WHERE: Constantinople WHEN: 537 (Justinian) HOW: Screen walls, pendentives


and squinches

SIZE:

Four minarets were added later by Turkish invaders when they turned it into a mosque. Screen walls non-supporting walls which usually have large expanses of windows or other openings

Hagia Sophia
WHO: Anthemius and Isidoros
(Commissioned by Justinian)

WHAT: Brick, basketweave

capitals, monolithic columns

WHERE: Constantinople WHEN: 537 (Justinian) HOW: Screen walls, pendentives


and squinches

SIZE:

Four minarets were added later by Turkish invaders when they turned it into a mosque. Screen walls non-supporting walls which usually have large expanses of windows or other openings

Pendentives and squinches


pendentive squinch

To make a transition from a rectangular base to a spherical dome, architects employed pendentives and squinches.

Joseph and Potiphar's wife from the Vienna Genesis


WHO: --WHAT: Illuminated manuscript WHERE: Vienna WHEN: Early 6th century HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Sutton Hoo Purse Cover


WHO: --WHAT: gold with garnets and
cloisonn originally on ivory and bone

WHERE: England WHEN: 630 HOW: cloisonn SIZE: 8

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Axe from Jutland


WHO: --WHAT: Silver inlay and gold WHERE: Denmark WHEN: 950-975 (Late Viking) HOW: --SIZE: 6 7/8

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Animal-Head Post
WHO: --WHAT: Hardwood- carved WHERE: Oseberg, Norway WHEN: 800-850 HOW: Placed on boat front SIZE: 60cm (24 5/8)

Used to scare people being pillaged.

Lion Symbol Page from the Book of Durrow


WHO: --WHAT: Illuminated Manuscript
on vellum

WHERE: Dublin (either from


Ireland or Northumbria in England)

WHEN: 650-700 HOW: --SIZE: 10x6


Represents St. John the Evangelist. Later his symbol was changed to an eagle.

Book of Kells
WHO: --WHAT: Illuminated Manuscript WHERE: Dublin (probably from Kells, Ireland) WHEN: late 8th early 9th centuries HOW: --SIZE: 9.5x13
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Book of Kells
WHO: --WHAT: Illuminated Manuscript WHERE: Dublin (probably from Kells, Ireland) WHEN: late 8th early 9th centuries HOW: --SIZE: 9.5x13
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Charlemagnes Palace Chapel


WHO: Odo of Metz WHAT: Justinian Cathedral WHERE: Aachen WHEN: 792-805 HOW: Combination of Justinian SIZE: ---

central plan with the symmetry and order of Roman buildings

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Charlemagnes Palace Chapel


WHO: Odo of Metz WHAT: --WHERE: Aachen WHEN: 792-805 HOW: Combination of Justinian SIZE: ---

central plan with the symmetry and order of Roman buildings

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Floor Plans, etc.

Comparison to San Vitale

Reims School from the Utrecht Psalter


WHO: --WHAT: illustration to Psalm 88 WHERE: Utrecht WHEN: 825-850 HOW: --SIZE: 13x10

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Bronze Doors of St. Michaels


WHO: Commissioned by Bernward WHAT: bronze WHERE: Hildesheim WHEN: 1015 (Ottonian) HOW: --SIZE: 166

Compare style to that of the illustrations from the Utrecht Psalter. Narrative! Adam and Eve Reproached is a popular frame.

Reliquary of Sainte-Foy
WHO: --WHAT: Gold with gemstones
over a wooden core (face of a late Roman emperor)

WHERE: Conques WHEN: late 10th-11th century HOW: --SIZE: 33.5

The gemstones were added over time by wealthy people who made pilgrimages to see it.

Sainte-Foy, Conques
WHO: --WHAT: Romanesque
Cathedral

WHERE: Auvergne, France WHEN: 1050-1120 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Sainte-Foy continued

South Porch of Sainte-Pierre


WHO: Founded by King Clovis WHAT: --WHERE: Moissac WHEN: 1115-1135 HOW: --SIZE: 166

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Flight into Egypt


WHO: Gislebertus WHAT: Capital WHERE: Autun (Burgundy, France) WHEN: 1130 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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The Last Judgment

WHO: Gislebertus WHAT: Stone WHERE: Burgundy

WHEN: 1120-1135 HOW: --SIZE: ---

Leaning Tower of Pisa


WHO: --WHAT: --WHERE: Pisa, Italy WHEN: 1174-1271 HOW: --SIZE: 56

CAMPANILE OF PISA CATHEDRAL

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Bayeux Tapestry
WHO: --WHAT: Wool embroidery on
linen

WHERE: Bayeux, France WHEN: 1070-1080 HOW: --SIZE: 20 high

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Plan of St. Sernin


WHO: Commissioned by St. Sylvius WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Toulouse, France WHEN: 1080-1120 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Saint Denis
WHO: Suger WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Paris WHEN: Rebuilt in 1137 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Saint Denis
WHO: Suger WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Paris WHEN: Rebuilt in 1137 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Cross Section of a Gothic Cathedral

Chartres
WHO: WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Chartres, France WHEN: 13th century HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Chartres continued

St. Theodore of Chartres

Doorjamb statues of west facade

Chartres continued

Long view of the South Wall

Stained glass

Reims
WHO: --WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Reims, France WHEN: Began rebuilding in 1211 HOW: --SIZE: Nave is 125 high

West facade

Reims continued

Nave

Reims continued

Sculpture of the Annunciation and Visitation

Reims continued

Sainte-Chapelle
WHO: Commissioned by King Louis
IX

WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Paris WHEN: 1243-1248 HOW: --SIZE: 32 x 99.5

Rayonnant style

Salisbury Cathedral
WHO: --WHAT: Gothic Cathedral WHERE: England WHEN: 1220 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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Kings College Chapel


WHO: Vaulting designed by John
Wastrell; founded by Henry VI; master mason Reginald Ely

WHAT: Late Gothic Cathedral WHERE: Cambridge, England WHEN: 1441 HOW: --SIZE: ---

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