GL2021 kCILSSICNAL L1nICS IN

LNGINLLkING
UNI1 I LNGINLLkING L1nICS 9
Senses of 'Lnglneerlng LLhlcs' varleLy of
moral lssues 1ypes of lnqulry Moral
dllemmas Moral AuLonomy kohlberg's
Lheory Cllllgan's Lheory Consensus and
ConLroversy rofesslons and rofesslonallsm
rofesslonal ldeals and vlrLues uses of
LLhlcal 1heorles
Lng|neer|ng Lth|cs
Lnglneerlng LLhlcs ls
Lhe sLudy of Lhe moral lssues and declslons confronLlng
lndlvlduals and organlzaLlons engaged ln Lnglneerlng
Lhe sLudy of relaLed quesLlons abouL
Moral ldeals
CharacLer
ollcles
8elaLlonshlps
of englneers and englneerlng organlzaLlons
Jhy SLudy Lnglneerlng LLhlcs
Lnglneerlng eLhlcs don'L preach vlrLues so LhaL
lmmoral people geLs Lransformed Lo moral
persons
kather
lL ls a means Lo lncrease Lhe ablllLy of
concerned englneers Lo responslbly confronL moral
lssues ralsed by Lechnologlcal acLlvlLy
SENSES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS SENSES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS
Engineering Ethics
Activity and DiscipIine
To understand moraI
vaIues guiding
engineering practice
ResoIving moraI issues in
engineering
Justifying moraI
judgments concerning
engineering
Engineering Ethics
Activity and DiscipIine
To understand moraI
vaIues guiding
engineering practice
ResoIving moraI issues in
engineering
Justifying moraI
judgments concerning
engineering
SENSE 1 SENSE 1
ETHICS An activity
Area of !nquiry
SENSE 2
Set of specific
moraI
probIems and
issues reIated
to engineering
SENSE 2
Set of specific
moraI
probIems and
issues reIated
to engineering
SENSES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS. SENSES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS.
ideals
Obligation
rights
Third Sense
Currently accepted codes and
standards of conduct
endorsed by engineering
societies
Fourth Sense
Set of justified moral
principles of
endorsed by Engineers
'ARIETY OF MORAL ISSUES 'ARIETY OF MORAL ISSUES
Two approaches to engineering ethics Micro-ethics
Macro-ethics
Micro-ethics deals with typical everyday problems that can take on
significant proportions in an engineer's life.
Macro-ethics deals with the societal problems on a regional/national
level. For example , global issues, collective responsibilities of groups
such as professional societies and consumer groups.
Conception
Design
Engineered
Product
Testing
SaIes
service
Manufacture
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
Unsafe
intentionaIIy
Product
ignorance
Under pressure
'ARIETY OF MORAL ISSUES.
Engineer's
activity
Designed for early
obsolescence
Substitution of inferior
material
'ariety of Moral issues 'ariety of Moral issues
ExampIe
n inspector discovered faulty construction equipment and
applied a violation tag , preventing its continued use. The
inspector's supervisor , a construction manager ,viewed ,the
case as a minor infraction of safety regulations and ordered the
tag to be removed so the project would not be delayed. The
inspector objected and was threatened with disciplinary action.
Ethical Problems arise due to
Differences of judgment as
To what constitutes the proper course of
action
'ariety of Moral issues... 'ariety of Moral issues...
Engineers
contrary opinions
within firm
client
other firms
government
Pertinent moral questions to be addressed are
To what extent should an employer's directives be the authoritative
guide to an engineer's conduct?
What does one do when there are differences of judgment?
Should one always follow the law to the letter?
Limiting one's attention to onIy the narrow
specifications can resuIt in the deIivery of a
Product that satisfies the contract but does not
Serve the needs of the pubIic in the Iong run.
Lack of coordination in pIanning for its effects on
everyone connected with it can Iead to
Catastrophic resuIts
'ARIETY OF MORAL ISSUES.
NucIear Power PIant disaster demonstrates that
Engineering Engineering
ethics ethics
meanings meanings
facts facts
vaIues vaIues
Types of inquiry
inquiries inquiries
nquiries
FactuaI
inquiry
Normative
inquiry
ConceptuaI
inquiry
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
Normative inquiries
Seek to identify the values that
should guide individuals and
groups.
Normative questions are about
What ought to be? and
What is Good?
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
Normative inquiries
Also have the theoretical goal of
justifying particular moral
judgments.
What are the reasons engineers
have obligations to their employers
,their clients and the general public?
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
Seek to
cIarify
important
Concepts or
ideas
ConceptuaI
inquiries
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
Conceptual inquiries
What does "Safety mean, and
How is it related to the idea of
"risk?
Safety
#isk
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
actual or Descriptive
inquiries
Seek to Seek to Provide facts Provide facts
and resoIving and resoIving
vaIue issues vaIue issues
Needed for Needed for
understanding understanding
1
2
3
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
actual or Descriptive
inquiries
Seek to Seek to uncover uncover
Bearing Bearing
upon vaIues upon vaIues
information information
1
2
3
conducted conducted
Using proven Using proven
Scientific Scientific
techniques techniques
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
FOM 10.20
Normative
inquiry
ConceptuaI
inquiry
FactuaI
inquiry
CompIementary and interreIated
Consider a young engineer who becomes
convinced that the level of pollutants her
Company is pouring into a stream is
dangerously high, given that children are
using the river downstream for swimming
.She expresses her view to her immediate
supervisor ,who says her fears are
unfounded because the pollution has
caused no complaints in the past. s she
required to do more?
#obbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition
2005 Pearson Education Canada, nc.
FOM 10.21
What she ought to do and why?
To know additional facts about the
Case, such as
Clarification of ideas about safety
,loyalty to companies , professional
Freedom and autonomy
Engineer's conviction is it well
Founded?
Nature of pollutants being
Discharged ,costs of controlling
them
Normative
inquiry
FactuaI
inquiry
ConceptuaI
inquiry