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Person
Roy views a person as a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment.
Environment -
Roy viewed environment as conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of the person.
Health -
Roy wrote that health and illness are on a continuum with many different states or degrees possible.
Nursing -
Roy viewed nursing as the science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environmental transformation.
The Roy Adaptation Model or RAM was developed on 1964 in response to a challenge by her professor Dorothy E. Johnson
As roy develops her model she recognized the works of Von Bertalaffys general system theory and helsons adaptation theory as a basis of scientific assumption for her model
Roy and andrews defined INTEGRITY as the degree of wholeness achieved by adapting to changes in needs. As roy draws on the works of helson, she categorized these stimuli as being FOCAL,CONTEXTUAL, or RESIDUAL.
ADAPTATION LEVEL
The three types of stimuli act together and influence the ADAPTATION LEVEL which is defined as the ability to respond positively in a situation. A persons adaptation level may be described as integrated, compensatory, or compromised The adaptation level is modulated by a persons coping mechanism and control processes
Coping process
Coping has been defined in psychological terms by Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus as 'constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing'.
though neutral, chemical and endocrine processes like the increase in vital signs-sympathetic response to stress
The STABILIZER SUBSYSTEM and THE INNOVATOR SUBSYSTEM. These two coincides with the regulator and cognator subsystems when a person responds to a stimulus. The innovator subsystem, on the other hand, allows the person to change to higher levels of potential through cognitive and emotional strategies
PHYSIOLOGICAL
individual group
five physical needs Oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, and protection Four complex processes Sences; fluids, electrolytes, and acidbase
Need is a psychic and spiritual integrity so that one can be or exist with a sense of unity, meaning, and purposefulness in the universe.
Need is group identity integrity through shared relation, goal, values, and co-responsibility for goal achievement; implies hones, soundness, and completeness of identification with the group
group
individual
INDIVIDUAL
GROUP
Need is social integrity; knowing one who is in relation to others so one can act; role set is the complex of positions individual holds; involves role development, instrumental and expressive behaviors, and role taking process
Need is role clarity, understanding and committing to fulfill expected tasks so group can achieve common goals; process of integrating roles in managing different roles and their expectations; complementary roles are regulated
individual
group
NURSING PROCESS
Step 1- assessment of behavior Data gathering about the behavior of the person as an adaptive system in each of the adaptive modes Observable behavior- vital signs Non-observable behavior- feelings of a person Step 2- assessment of stimuli a stimuli is defined as any change in the internal and external environment that includes a response in the adaptive system
Step 3 nursing diagnosis formulation of statements that interpret data about the adaptation status of the person, including the behavioral and most relevant stimuli Step 4 goal setting Establishment of clear statements of the behavioral outcomes for nursing care which is realistic and attainable
Step
Step