Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Part I
Introduction
Defining Development Five Characteristics of
Chapter One
Development
Developmental Study as a Science
Prepared by Madeleine Lacefield Cautions from Science Tattoon, M.A.
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Beginnings
Introduction
What will happen to the baby just born, or to the schoolchild trying to make a friend, or to the emerging adult wondering how to pay for college, or to the elder contemplating retirement? Why should you care?
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Defining Development
The science of human development seeks to understand how and why peopleall kinds of people, everywherechange or remain the same over time. There are 3 crucial elements.
1. Science
developmental study is a science.
theories data analysis critical thinking sound methodology
2. Diversity
studying all kinds of people
young and old rich and poor every ethnicity, background sexual orientation
Bioecological Systems
Urie Bronfenbrenner
a leader in understanding ecological systems approach
he believed that developmentalists need to examine all systems surrounding the development of each person
microsysems exosystems macrosystems
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exosystems
local institutions, such as schools and churches
macrosystems
larger social setting, including cultural values, economic polices, and political processes
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1. Multidirectional
changes in direction; development is dynamic, not static
each fraction of a second years are analyzed, revealing unexpected twist and turns
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a tiny event could have an enormous impact, not that is always does
opposite can occur large changes can affect people in contradictory ways (i.e., lottery jackpots)
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2. Multicontextual
humans develop in dozens of contexts that profoundly affect their development
physical surroundings family patterns
Social context
historical socioeconomic
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3. Multicultural
culture affects each human at every moment culture is so pervasive, people rarely notice their culture while they are immersed in it
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ethnic categories arise from history, sociology, and psychology, not from biology
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4. Multidisciplinary
a broad array of disciplines and crosscutting topics each person develops simultaneously in body, mind, and spirit
Development is divided into three domains;
biosocial cognitive psychosocial
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Mirror Neurons
reflected brain cells observed actions
mirror the intentions, sensations, and emotions of those around
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5. Plasticity
denotes two complementary aspects of development
human traits can be molded
yet maintaining durability of identity culture and upbringing affect both aspects of plasticity Genes and other biological influences
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Replication
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Observation
record behavior systematically and objectively
occur in a naturalistic setting tries to be unobtrusive can occur in a laboratory or in searches of archival data
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The Experiment
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The Experiment
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The Survey
Information is collected from a large number of people by:
interview questionnaire some other means
wording and the questions can influence answers
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can be confusing
a correlation indicates the degree of relationship between two variables.
a correlation is positive if both variables tend to increase or decrease together a correlation is negative if one variables tends to increase when the other decreases a correlation is zero if no connection is evident
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