GSM

presented by

Priyanka Zep infratech, Indore

Index
What is GSM? Types of GSM services GSM Architecture Steps for Outgoing call

What is GSM ?
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation

GSM SERVICES

BASIC SERVICES

SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES

Tele-services

Bearer services

GSM Architecture
OMC VLR SIM ME
B T S

MSC BSC
EIR

HLR

SIM

ME

B T S

SIM

ME

B T S

PSTN, ISDN

AuC

AIR INTERFACE

ABIS INTERFACE

MS
Open interface

BSS
Carries traffic and maintenanc e data

AINTERFACE

NSS NMS

Supports Communication between BSS and NSS

GSM System Architecture-I

Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Network Switching Subsystem(NSS) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Mobile Station (MS)

The Mobile Station is made up of two entities: Mobile Equipment (ME)
The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used by the subscriber to access the network . o It is identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
o

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Smart card containing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) o Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services o Protected by a password or PIN
o o

Base Station Subsystem

Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts :
1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 2) Base Station Controller (BSC)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

(1) Feeds the RF signals to the antenna. (2) Communicates with Mobile station and BSC

 Base Station Controller (BSC)

Handles call set up Location update Handover for each MS

Network Switching Subsystem

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Heart of the network. Identifies destination and origin of calls. connects calls from sender to receiver collects details of the calls made and received.

Home Location Registers (HLR) :

Contain subscriber information and location information of the user. Contain IMSI, MSISDN, supplementary services, roaming restrictions.
Visitor Location Registers (VLR) Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR database Controls those mobiles roaming in its area Database contains IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, MSRN, Location Area, authentication key.

Authentication Center (AUC)

Provides security information to network so that we can verify the sim cards. o Supports VLRs work bye issuing authentication triplet (RAND, SRES, Kc)
o

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

o It is responsible for checking the IMEI (i.e. check the validity of mobile equipment). o MS is required to provide the IMEI which consist of approval code, assembly code and serial number of mobile station. o Made up three sub-classes:

(1) white list (2) Grey list (3) Black list

Network Management Subsystem

The purpose of NMS is to monitor various functions and elements of the networks.
NMS can be divided in three categories :(1) Fault management (2) Configuration management (3) Performance management

Outgoing Call
1.

MS sends dialed number to BSS 2. BSS sends dialed number to MSC 3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the requested service. If so,MSC asks BSS to allocate resources for call. 5 MSC routes the call to GMSC 6 GMSC routes the call to local exchange of called user 7, 8, 9,10 Answer back (ring back) tone is routed from called user to MS via GMSC,MSC,BSS