Presented by

MOHAMED MAHMOUD HANAFY

 Introduction

Types
Construction Principle of operation

Velocity
Variation of power with velocity and altitude Variation of S.F.C with velocity and altitude

Application

 The combination of thrust produced from the fan and

the exhaust from the core is a more efficient process than other jet engine designs. Turbofans have a net exhaust speed that is much lower than a turbojet. This makes them much more efficient at subsonic speeds than turbojets, and somewhat more efficient at supersonic speeds up to roughly Mach 1.6, but have also been found to be efficient when used with continuous afterburner at Mach 3 and above.

 Low bypass turbofan high bypass turbofan

Afterburning turbofan

More fuel efficient than basic turbojets A bypass flow can be introduced if the turbine inlet temperature is allowed to increase To compensate for a Correspondingly smaller core flow Better specific fuel consumption Can be achieved Normally used in military aircraft

A. Low pressure spool B. High pressure spool C. Stationary components 1. Nacelle 2. Fan 3. Low pressure compressor 4. High pressure compressor 5. Combustion chamber 6. High pressure turbine 7. Low pressure turbine 8. Core nozzle 9. Fan nozzle

 Low specific thrust/high bypass ratio turbofans

primarily used in civilian transport aircraft

Multistage fan replaced by single stage unit

Reducing core flow increases bypass ratio(5:1)

An afterburner is a combustor located downstream of the turbine blades and directly upstream of the nozzle, which burns fuel from afterburner-specific fuel injectors Raises the temperature of exhaust gases by a significant amount Higher exhaust velocity USED -To give significant thrust boost for take off - transonic acceleration -combat maneuvers Fuel intensive

1.Fan 2.Compressor 3.Combustion Chamber 4. Turbine 5. Nozzle

Gas Generator

FAN: Blades of fan are made titanium the air goes through the core of the engine as well as around the core. This causes some of the air to be very hot and some to be cooler. The cooler air then mixes with the hot air at the engine exit area.

 Compressor - The compressor is the first component

in the engine core. The compressor is made up of fans with many blades and attached to a shaft. The compressor squeezes the air that enters it into progressively smaller areas, resulting in an increase in the air pressure. Combustor - In the combustor the air is mixed with fuel and then ignited. The inside of the combustor is often made of ceramic materials to provide a heatresistant chamber. The heat can reach 2700.

 Turbine - The high-energy airflow coming out of the

combustor goes into the turbine, causing the turbine blades to rotate. The turbines are linked by a shaft to turn the blades in the compressor and to spin the intake fan at the front

 The incoming air is captured by the inlet.

The incoming air is compressed by the compressor. In the combustion chamber, the Compressed air is mixed with fuel and then ignited. The hot exhaust gases passes through the Core, fan turbines & then out of the nozzle . A turbofan gets thrust from both fan & the core. The ratio of air that goes around the engine & To the air that goes through the core is called BYPASS RATIO .

 The fan serves two duties. Part of the airstream from the fan passes

through the core, providing oxygen to burn fuel to create power. However, the rest of the air flow bypasses the engine core and mixes with the faster stream from the core at the back of the engine. As engine noise is a function of exhaust temperature, turbofan engines are significantly quieter than a pure-jet of the same thrust. Additionally, the efficiency of propulsion is a function of the relative airspeed of the exhaust to the surrounding air; propellers are most efficient for low speed, pure jets for high speeds, and ducted fans in the middle. Turbofans are thus the most efficient engines in the range of speeds from about 500 to 1000 km/h, the speed at which most commercial aircraft operate. Turbofans retain an efficiency edge over pure jets at low supersonic speeds up to roughly Mach 1.6, but have also been found to be efficient when used with continuous afterburner at Mach 3 and above. However, the lower exhaust speed also reduces thrust at high vehicle speeds.

 The turbofan engine market is dominated by General

Electric, Rolls-Royce plc and Pratt & Whitney, in order of market share. GE and SNECMA of France have a joint venture, CFM International which, as the 3rd largest manufacturer in terms of market share, fits between Rolls-Royce and Pratt & Whitney. Rolls-Royce and Pratt & Whitney also have a joint venture, International Aero Engines, specializing in engines for the Airbus A320 family, whilst finally, Pratt & Whitney and General Electric have a joint venture, Engine Alliance marketing a range of engines for aircraft such as the Airbus A380.

 Engine Models
CFM's product line includes six engine models that are

tailored to the aircraft applications they power. From the initial CFM56-2 to today's Tech Insertion CFM565B and CFM56-7B, our engines are the most soughtafter in the industry. Spanning a thrust range of 18,500 to 34,000 pounds. CFM engines are the power behind more than 8,000 commercial and military aircraft. CFM's vast field experience of nearly 500 million flight hours is built into every engine we make. Blending proven reliability with cost-effective technology, CFM engines lead the industry in reliability, durability, performance retention, and time on wing.