The Periodic Table of Elements

Chemistry Unit 5 Click to edit Master subtitle style

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The Periodic Table of Elements

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Organizing the Elements

Chemists wanted a standard system of

defining the elements. type and behavior.

Some elements are similar to each other in We can organize the elements by their

characteristics and their structure.

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Mendeleevs Periodic Table

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Demitri Mendeleev
Published the first periodic table in 1869. Organized the known elements based on

increasing ATOMIC MASS!

Noticed a repeating pattern in the

characteristics of the elements.

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Demitri Mendeleev
Allowed him to predict future elements to

be discovered.

Eka-Aluminium = Gallium

Contained some problem:

Tellurium and Iodine.

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Henry Moseley
Determined the ATOMIC NUMBER for every

known element.

In 1914, reorganized the Periodic Table by

increasing ATOMIC NUMBER.

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Periodic Law
Elements show a periodic repetition of

physical and chemical properties. and Columns.

The Periodic Table is arranged into ROWS

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Periodic Law
Periods (Rows) represent the energy levels

of the elements.

Period 1 = 2 Elements Periods 2/3 = 8 Elements Periods 4/5 = 18 Elements Periods 6/7 = 32 Elements

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Periodic Law
Groups (Columns) represent chemical

families.

Elements in a group have similar properties. Have similar valence electrons.

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Classes of Elements
Metals
80% of All Elements High Densities and Good Conductors

Metalloids
Properties of both Weak conductors B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

Non-Metals
Poor Conductors Mostly gases at RT
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Families of the Elements

Alkali Metals (Group 1)
Highly Reactive 1 Valence Electron

Alkaline Earth (Group 2)

Slightly less reactive 2 Valence Electrons

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Families of Elements
Transition Metals (Group 3-12)
2 Valence Electrons

P-Block (Groups 13-18)

B-Group = 3 Valence C-Group = 4 Valence N-Group = 5 Valence O-Group = 6 Valence

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Families of Elements
Halogens (Group 17)
Very Reactive 7 Valence Electrons

Noble Gases (Group 18)

Non-reactive 8 Valence Electrons

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Families of Elements
Rare-Earth Metals
Two Extra Bars Heavy Radioactive Elements
Lanthanoids Actinoids

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Valence Electrons
The S + P for each Period:
Group 1 = 1 Group 2 = 2 Groups 3-12 = 2 Group 13 = 3 Group 14 = 4 Group 15 = 5 Group 16 = 6 Group 17 = 7 Group 18 = 8
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Periodic Trends
Atomic Number
The Number of Protons in the Nucleus Right = Increases Down = Increases

Atomic Radius
The distance from the nucleus to the outside

energy level.

Right = Decreases Down = Increases

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Periodic Trends
Ionization Energy
Energy needed to remove one electron from

an atom.

Right = Increases Down = Decreases

Electron Affinity
How much an atom wants to gain an electron. Right = Increases Down = Decreases
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Periodic Trends
Electronegativity
Tendency to attract electrons. Right = Increases Down = Decreases

Metallic Properties
Strong metallic properties Right = Decreases Down = Increases
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