EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY / ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF DRUGS

Dr. Inas Darwish Dr. Dalia Kamal

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this practical class you will be able to: demonstrate the experimental methods of studying analgesia / inflammation

discuss the analgesic/ anti-inflammatory activity of drugs.

Introduction:

What happens after exposure to a noxious Stimulus

Emotional reaction To painful stimuli (Reaction to pain)

Sensation or Perception of pain Awareness of pain

Drugs

Reactio n to pain

Analgesics

Perceptio n of pain

Non narcotic analgesics

Narcotic analgesics

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs'

Morphine, Codeine, others

Salicylates, Oxicams, Fenamates, etc

opiate receptors severe degree of pain

respiratory depression,

centrally , peripherally ?
mild to moderate pain Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic

physical dependence.

Assessment of analgesic activity

Thermal methods
Chemical methods

Induction of pain by thermal stimuli

Induction of pain by irritant chemicals

Narcotic analgesics.

Non-narcotic analgesics.

Thermal methods

Hot Plate

Tail -Flick

Tail immersion

Hot water 49C

Chemical methods
Irritant chemicals

Phenyl benzequinone

Acetic acid

Carrageenaninduced paw edema Cotton pellet method

Experimental Procedures
HOT -Plate
Non Acetic acid reactive induced writhes

Selection of animals

60 C
Licking of the paw Jumping

10 sec.

JUMPING

Analgesic activity of Sodium Salicylate and Morphine

Selection of animals
Grouping Na salicylate (600 mg/kg i.p.)

Recording the reaction 30 min after injection

Morphine (5 mg/kg i.p.)

Sedation
absent Present Straub tail

Group
Na salycilate Morphine

No. of animals No of mice licking/ jumping at the start of Before after the experiment 30 min. of administration

5 5

5 5

4 1

Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice:

Control
0.2 ml of normal saline I. P.

Na Salycilate
sodium salicylate 300 mg/kg I.P.

After 1/2 hour, 0.2 ml/20g b.wt. of 3% acetic acid I.P.

Writhes ?
15 min

Each Writhe consists of contraction of the abdomen

extention of the limbs

twisting of the trunk

The percentage reduction in the number of writhes from the control group is a measure of analgesic activity

Analgesic activity of Sodium Salicylate

Group Animal No. No. of writhes in 15 min. Control Group Average No. of writhes % reduction in No. of writhes from the control

1 2 3

23 27 30

26

Na Salicylate (300 mg/kg)

1 2 3

17 15 9

14

46%

Conclusions

1. Hot plate method response due to exposure to heat (noxious) stimulus .. was inhibited by morphine but not by .. Na salycilate . 2. Acetic acid induced writhes are reduced by .. . Na salycilate

Questions

1.Mentions the two components of pain

2. Name the important mediators of inflammation.

Questions

3. What is the mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of salicylates?

4. What is the mechanism of analgesic activity of morphine?

Questions

5. Why Salicylates did not inhibit mouse hot plate Method response?

6. Name 2 conditions each where you will use morphine and Salicylates as analgesics.

Questions

Fill in the space:

.. Hotplate method is used for screening of morphine, while acetic acid induced writhes is used for screening of NSAIDs.

Prostaglandins and are mediators bradykinin inflammation. Acetyl saliycilic acid is an example of NSAIDs. .

of

Questions

Fill in the space:

Drug No. of mice licking/jumping before after 5 5 5 1 Sedation

Na salicylate Morphine

absent present

Questions

Match:
Morphine is (d ) Aspirin is (g ) Acetic acid induces (e ) Hot plate is (f) Prosaglandins are (c ) Assessment of NSAIDs is by (b)

a. Licking of the paw. b. a chemical method. c. mediators of inflammation d. an e.g. of narcotic analgesic e. writhes f. a thermal method g. an e.g. of non narcotic analgesic