Precision Variable Frequency Drive

Group May07-13 Jason Kilzer Nick Nation Dave Reinhardt Matt Shriver

Client: Jim Walker Faculty Advisor: Professor Ajjarapu

Precision Variable Frequency Drive

Nick Uses and Constraints
Jason Technology and Overall Design Matt Detailed Design

Dave Requirements, Schedules, Conclusions

Problem Statement

The problem is the ability of a record player to keep a specific speed. The synchronous motor used on a record player is supposed to play the record at a specific speed. However, the motor does not always run at the specified speed which causes the record to sound out of pitch. A precision variable frequency drive will provide a constant frequency to the synchronous motor which in turn will maintain a constant speed of the record table.

Executive Summary
Synchronous motors are motors that run at a specific speed. A customer may want to run the motor at different speeds, like for a record player that needs to operate at 45 and 33 1/3 rpm. A precision variable frequency drive is a way to speed up or slow down the motor by changing the frequency of the input voltage.
This product will be designed to adjust the frequency between 58 to 62 hertz by the turning of a dial. The digital display will be accurate up to the thousandth of a hertz. In addition, a strobe light will allow the user to observe the rpm of the motor. The precision variable frequency drive will have a long term drift that requires a gradual decrease/increase of speed that allows for more accurate tuning.

Operating Environment
Indoors No extreme dust No extreme temperatures

Intended Users and Uses

Users
Avid music listener Lay person

Uses
Adjust the frequency of the turn-table With other synchronous motors

Assumptions
Constant linkage the belt connecting the motor to the turntable is constant over a short time period. Basically, an increase in motor speed by a certain factor will result in an increase in the speed of the turntable by the same factor. Plug the plug from the record player can plug into a standard three pronged outlet.

Limitations
Precision the precision variable frequency drive will be accurate to .1 Hertz. Price the total end product cost must be less than $1,000. Frequency Range 58 to 62 Hertz with step of 0.1 Hertz. Nominal Voltage 120 VAC. Stability the precision variable frequency drive must be stable. Short term stability of less that +/- 0.01%. It shall not be affected by fluctuations in incoming voltage or frequency. Power Output 75 W minimum. Input Voltage the input voltage will be a standard household outlet of 120 V at 60 Hz. single phase

Design Considerations
Maximum weight and size Minimum power output Minimum operating frequency

Functional Requirements
Synchronous motor frequency controller Knob controller to adjust frequency Digital read-out of frequency Portable strobe system

Technology Considerations
Pulse Width Modulation Crystal Oscillator

Technology Approach Considerations

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

An AC/DC converter was needed to change the input of AC voltage to DC voltage. The pulse width modulator will allow the user to change the frequency of the voltage. A low pass filter would change the DC signal back into an AC signal at the desired frequency. A amplifier would be needed to step the voltage up to an appropriate level to feed the turn-table. A frequency counter would be used to display the frequency output of the low pass filter. A strobe light system would be used to measure the RPM of the motor.

Testing Considerations
Pulse-width modulator Strobe system Complete system

Product Design

Power Source
110-120 VAC 60 Hz nominal frequency Standard wall outlet

AC to DC Converter
The AC to DC converter will take in 120 VAC and produce 25 Volt DC. The project team will purchase this component. The group is going to purchase a converter of the same type that a cell phone charger would use. The converter is around $20 to purchase. After the power has been changed into DC pulse width modulation can take place.

Circuit Simulation via Simulink

Pulse Width Modulator (PWM)

Circuit Design of PWM

Triangle Waveform Generator Circuit

-V CC U2

R5 12 .5k

C1 1n V3 0V dc 3

V-

OS 1

uA 741 1 R4 6 5 1k Z4

OU T +

V+ 7

OS 2

-V CC U1

Ze ner_ diod e

0
+V CC R2 R3 10 k +V CC V1 10 Vdc -10 Vdc -V CC V2 Z3 Ze ner_ diod e

V-

OS 1

uA 741 1 6 5 20 k

OU T +

V+ 7

OS 2

+V CC

Triangle Waveform

Comparator Circuit
+V CC

V+

U1 uA 741 5 6 1

+V CC Q1

OS 2

V4 10 Vac 2 -

OU T

V-

OS 1

Q2 N39 04
V

VTRI -V CC +V CC

R4 20

0
+V CC -V CC V1 10 Vdc -10 Vdc V2

Q2 Q2 N39 04

R5 20

Waveform after PWM

Low Pass Filter

Waveform After Low-Pass Filter

Transformer

Waveform After Transformer

Frequency Counter
A frequency counter will connect to the circuit after the low pass filter and measure the frequency of the AC signal being outputted to the voltage amplifier. This device will display the frequency of the power it is sampling on a LCD screen. Figure 8 shows a picture of the frequency counter that will be purchased.

Product Design

Strobe Light System

Figure 11: The strobe light shinning on the special disc. (Vinyl Engine)

Figure 10: Strobe Light Schematic (Vinyl Engine)

The strobe system will be used to measure the the RPM of the turn-table. As the picture shows, there are three different circles for the three rates, 33 1/3, 45, and 78.

Personal Requirements
Name Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Task 8 Totals

Reinhardt, Dave Kilzer, Jason Nation, Nick Shriver, Matt Total (hours)

1 1 1 1.5 4.5

7 10 7 6 30

40 42 40 40 162

6 3 3 3 15

5 5 5 5 20

4 2 6 6 18

5 5 5 5 20

24 18 18 20 80

92 86 85 86.5 349.5

Other Resource Requirements

Item Miscellaneous Parts & Materials Device Components Project/Poster Printing Total Team Hours 0 2 5 7 Other Hours 0 0 0 0 Cost $20.00 $65.94 $0.00 $85.94

Financial Requirements
Item Miscellaneous Parts & Materials Device Components Project/Poster Printing Subtotal Labor at $15.00 per hour: Reinhardt, Dave Kilzer, Jason $1,380.00 $1,290.00 W/O Labor $20.00 $65.94 $0.00 $85.94 With Labor $20.00 $65.94 $40.00 $125.94

Nation, Nick
Shriver, Matt Subtotal Total $85.94

$1,275.00
$1,297.50 $5,242.50 $5,368.44

Schedule

Deadline Chart

Design Evaluation

Relative Evaluation Resultant Functionality Importance Score Score Stablility of frequency 15% 80% 12.00% Adjustable frequency between 58-62 Hz 25% 100% 25.00% Accurate strobe light system 5% 60% 3.00% Safety 15% 100% 15.00% Precision of .1 Hz 20% 100% 20.00% User friendly 5% 90% 4.50% LED display of output frequency 5% 70% 3.50% Output at least 75W 10% 50% 5.00% Score 88.00%

Summary
Upon review of the detailed project design, it has been decided to continue the project as planned. It will be continued as scheduled because the detailed design has meet the functional requirements of the precision variable frequency drive.

Questions?