Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ANATOMI
Diagram sistem pencernaan 1.Kelenjar ludah 2.Parotis 3.Submandibularis (bawah rahang) 4.Sublingualis (bawah lidah) 5.Rongga mulut 6.Faring 7.Lidah 8.Esofagus 9.Pankreas 10.Lambung 11.Saluran pankreas 12.Hati 13.Kantung empedu 14.duodenum 15.Saluran empedu 16.Kolon 17.Kolon transversum 18.Kolon ascenden 19.Kolon descenden 20.Ileum 21.Sekum 22.Appendiks 23.Rektum 24.Anus
Abdomens accesories
- Pancretic
Pancreatic Among other functions, the pancreas is the main factory for the digestive enzymes are released into the duodenum, the first segment of small intestine. These enzymes break down proteins, fats and carbs.
- Liver
Liver Liver has various functions, but two of its main functions in the digestive system is made and issued an important ingredient called bile and processing of blood that comes from the small intestine containing the nutrients just absorbed. This purifies the heart blood of many impurity-impurity before walking into the entire body.
- Gall bladder
Gall bladder Gallbladder is a storage bag for a more bile. Made in the liver bile flow into the small intestine via bile channels. If the intestine does not need it, bile flows into the gallbladder where he waited for a signal from the gut that there was food. Bile serves two main purposes. First, it helps to absorb fats in the diet and secondly, it carries waste from the liver that can not pass through the kidneys.
PHYSIOLOGY
Digest process begin from oral cavity. Food enter the mouth and then food will chew and swallow it into smaler part. After that, food through the esophagus and then through the pharynx.. In pharinx foods were moved to stomach by peristaltic. And in stomach, foods changes to be kim and will saved until some hours. After that, foods will through the small intestine, and then large intestine. And the last is defecation in anus.
1 Propulsion ( penelanan) Propulsion is the process that moves food through the alimentary canal. It includes swallowing, which is initiated volumtarily, and peristaltis. Peristaltis is the major means of propulsion, involves alternate waves of contractions and relaxation of muscles in the organ walls. Its net effect is to squeeze food along the pathway from one organ to the next, but some mixing occures as well. From the time food enters the pharynx, its movement is completely reflexive. In fact, the peristaltic waves are so powerful that food and fluids will reach your stomach even if you stand on your head.
B. Chemical digestion Chemical digestion is a catabolic process in which large food molecules are broken down to their monomers (chemical building block), which are small enough to be absorbed by the GI tract lining. Chemical digestion is accomplished by anzymes secreted by various glands into the lumen of the alimentary canal. The enzymatic break down of foodstuffs begins in the mouth and is essentially complete in the small intestine.
4 absorption Absorption is the transport of digestive end products (plus vitamins, minerals, and water) from the GI tract lumen to the blood or lymphs. For absorptions to accure, these substances must first enter the mucosa cells by active or passive transport processes. The small intenstine is the major absorptive side. 5 Defecation Defacation is the elimination of indisgetible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces.
TERMOREGULATION
Human thermoregulation centered on the anterior hypothalamus, there are three components or compilers regulator of heat-regulating system, namely thermoreseptor, hypothalamus, and efferent nerves as well as thermoregulation (Swenson, 1997). Thermo: Heat Regulation: Regulation physiological thermoregulation is an arrangement of the balance of human body heat production and heat loss so the temperature can be maintained in constant body Heat is kinetic energy of molecular motion The human body is an organ that is able to produce heat independently and is not dependent on ambient temperature.
Body temperature resulting from: 1. Basal metabolic rate (basal metabolic rate, BMR) 2. Reserve rate of metabolism caused muscle activity (including muscle contraction caused shivers). 3. Additional metabolic hormones thyroxine and the effect of a small portion of other hormones, such as growth hormone (growth hormone and testosterone). 4. Extra metabolism due to the influence epineprine, norepineprine, and sympathetic stimulation on cells. 5. Extra metabolism due to increased chemical activity within the cell itself, especially when the temperature decreases.
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION Based on the temperature distribution in the body, known as core temperature (core temperature), the temperature found on the network, such as cranial, thoracic, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. This temperature is usually maintained relatively constant (around 37 C). In addition, there is surface temperature (surface temperature), which is contained in the skin temperature, sub-cutaneous tissue, and fat. This temperature can typically fluctuate by 30 C to 40 C.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE BODY TEMPERATURE 1. Basal metabolic rate 2. Sympathetic nerve stimulation 3. Growth hormone 4. Thyroid hormone 5. Sex Hormones 6. Fever (inflammation) 7. Nutritional status 8. Activity 9. Organ disorders 10. Environment