Non-photographic Sensors

NRE 2000 Introduction to Geomatics Spring 2010

Daniel L. Civco WB Young 310 486-0148 daniel.civco@uconn.edu

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Increasing Wavelength
0.03 400 400 0.4 m 0.4m 0.7m 0.7 m 0.1cm 0.2cm 20cm 18cm 3 x 106 m

Gamma Rays

X Rays

Ultraviolet

Visible

Infrared

Microwave

Radio

Increasing Frequency

Continuum of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, only a very small portion of which includes visible light.

Remote Sensing Process

Energy Source or Illumination (A) Radiation and the Atmosphere (B) Interaction with the Target (C) Recording of Energy by Sensor (D) Transmission, Reception, and Processing (E) Interpretation and Analysis (F) Application (G)

Remote Sensing Data Collection Sensor Systems Remotely sensed data may be collected using a variety of instruments, including: Analog Frame Photography Digital Frame Camera Area Arrays Multispectral Scanning Systems Linear Array Pushbroom Sensors Linear Array Whiskbroom Scanners Hyperspectral Area Arrays

Analog Frame Photography Data Collection

Comparison of Four Common Film Types

BW

Color

BWIR

CIR

Digital Frame Photography Data Collection

Digital Image Nomenclature

Wavelength (m)

ADAR Multispectral
1500 columns 750 rows

0.47 meter resolution

Blue Green Red Near Infrared

Four Bands

Single frame

ADAR Multispectral

9 frame mosaic

Leica ADS40 Multispectral

John Deere Agri Services

Go to CLEAR Salt Marsh Site http://clear.uconn.edu/projects/marshlis/Comparison.html

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Increasing Wavelength
0.03 400 400 0.4 m 0.4m 0.7m 0.7 m 0.1cm 0.2cm 20cm 18cm 3 x 106 m

Gamma Rays

X Rays

Ultraviolet

Visible

Infrared

Microwave

Radio

Increasing Frequency

Continuum of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, only a very small portion of which includes visible light.

Simple Non-Imaging Spot Radiometer

Multispectral Scanner Data Collection

Multispectral Scanner Operation

Visible Near and Middle IR Thermal

Raytheon 250 Thermal Scanner

Thermal imager on mount for aerial scanning.

Thermal Infrared Imaging

Daytime Thermal Infrared, Middleton, WI 2:40 PM, September 17

Thermal Infrared Imaging

Nighttime Thermal Infrared, Middleton, WI 9:50 PM, September 17

Thermal Infrared Imaging

Daytime Thermal Infrared, Oak Creek Power Plant, 1:50 PM, March 27

Thermal Infrared Imaging

Nighttime Thermal Infrared, Iowa City, 2:00 AM, January Air T = -4o C

Surface Isotherms

Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Therma; Scanner

Surface Isotherms

Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Thermal Scanner

Surface Isotherms

Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Therma; Scanner

Multispectral Scanner Operation

Multispectral Scanner Operation

Cross-track versus Along-track

Whisk broom Push broom

Example: Landsat

Example: SPOT

Scanner (WhiskBroom) Data Collection

Linear Array (Pushbroom) Data Collection

Landsat

SPOT

Whisk Broom

Push Broom

Area Array Hyperspectral Data Collection

Hyperspectral Imagery

Typical image cube generated from hyperspectral imaging

Hyperspectral Imagery

A rendition of hyperspectral data cube with false-color 3-band image on the front face of the cube and pseudo-colored edges of bands shown on the bottom and side of the cube, constructed from AVIRIS data from the area of Cuprite, Nevada.

Ingredients of an Image
Rows and Columns of Pixels 8 bits = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 Shades 11 bits = 256 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2048 Shades

Raster Image

remote sensing system or scanner

brightness, pollution, other real world activities Pixels are MIXED

Earth's Surface
Adapted from Skip Maselli

Digital Image Data Properties

Pixel Values

Ikonos True Color Composite

Digital Image Data Properties

Pixel Values

True Color Composite

Digital Image Data Properties

Pixel Values

Band 1 - Blue

Digital Image Data Properties

???

Spatial Profile

Green

Water
Trees Fairway

Soil

Green

Water

Trees

Fairway

Soil

Non-photographic Sensors

NRE 2000 Introduction to Geomatics Spring 2010

Daniel L. Civco WB Young 310 486-0148 daniel.civco@uconn.edu