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Introduction Objective Patient perception and need for infection control Infection control in your dental office
OSHA regulation
Universal prevention
Introduction Why do we need to know about infection control ? The goal of infection control is to eliminate or reduce the number of microbes shared between people. Implementing safe and realistic infection control procedures requires the full compliance of the whole dental team.
Asymptomatic carriers
Acceptance of patient
It is unethical to refuse dental care to those patient with a potentially infections disease on the grounds that it could expose the dental clinician to personal risk.
Confidentiality infection
Those
with
HIV
Infected dental health care locker most avoid exposure prone procedures.
Every health care specialty that involves contact with mucosa blood or blood contaminated body fluid is now regulated.
The goal is to ensure compliance with universal barriers and other methods to minimize infection risks.
Environment of dental office Ventilation The recommended fresh air supply rate of ventilation systems should not fall below 5-8 liters per second per occupant. Recycling air conditioning systems are not recommended. Floor Covering The floor covering should be impervious and non slippery. Carpet must be avoided.
Patients infected usually are not aware of the source of their infection.
Personal Vulnerability
Immunization - Hepatitis B infection Anti HBs levels must be measured 2-4 months after complete immunization course. HBS level > 100 M/U/ml provided adequate protection. will
Single booster dose 5 years after completion of primary course is recommended for all health care workers.
Concept of Infection
The number of organisms required to cause an infection is termed as The infective dose.
N.Gonorrhoeae
T. Pallidum M. Tuberculosis Strep. Pyogenes
Hepatitis B,C,D
H.I.V. Cytomegalo virus Measles Mumps Rubella Herpes
General Principles
Universal precautions use of mouth mask, head cap, protective eye were gloves are recommended. Hand washing and care of hands
Sir William Osler once remarked that Soap and water and common sense are the best disinfectants. Use of commonly available antiseptic hand wash like chlorhexidine is generally enough.
OSHA (Occupational safety and Health agency) regulation. Exposure and control plan Emergency and exposure incident plan OSHA required records.
Choice of equipments
Choice of equipments depends upon the requirement of the practioner. Water supplies The ADA council on scientific affairs recommends to improved the design of dental equipment of that water delivered to patients during non surgical dental procedures contains no more than 200 colony forming units / ml (cfu/ml) of bacteria at any point of time in the unfiltered output of dental unit.
Pre-Sterilization Cleaning
Bio-films of vegatitive form of bacterias spores and the organic matter formed on the surface of the instrument have to be washed with the suitable disinfectant before proceeding with the sterilization process.
Physical agents
Heat Moist, Dry
Ionizing radiations
X-rays, beta rays gamma rays
Ultraviolet rays
Filtration
S T E R I L I Z A T I O N
Chemical agents
Agents acting membrane on cell
Surface acting agents, Phenols, Organic solvents Agents that proteins denature
131 degree celcius 20 pounds pressure is use for this purpose. Heat sensitive plastic instrument are sterilized by this method.
employed
in
dental
for
Disposal of waste / infected material Waste material are first assorted infected or and non infected. as
They are then accordingly disposed of into color coated bags. yellow, red, blue/white, translucent, black. Sharp objects like BP Blades are disposed of into puncture proof metal boxes. Needled are destroyer. destroyed using needle
Sturdevants - Art & Science of Operative Dentistry - Fourth edition Medical problems in dentistry