ECE503 Computer Engineering Design

Engineering Design Process

System Specification
Problem ID
System Properly Functioning

Done

Research

System Integration & Testing

Requirement Specification

System Specification

Requirements meet needs?

Concept Generation

System Design
Conceptualization

Synthesis

Analysis

Conceptualization

Develop a rough, early form of solution An idea or notion that can be a solution Primitive solutions, no definite form or character Lack organization and structure

Conceptualization

Develop a rough, early form of solution Made an alarm clock with a 5 time solat reminder Primitive solutions, no definite form or character Lack organization and structure

Synthesis

Create a well-defined structure for the concept Sufficient detail that helps analysis Preliminary design Block diagram of the system Each block will be designed in the detailed design

Analysis

Determine if the synthesized system meets the objectives Determine the risks Develop mathematical model for the blocks Analyze (simulations or experiments)

Go back to synthesis, refine a solution

Analyze again Evaluate the alternative solutions Choose one solution

System Specification Document

The Concept

Explain the principle of operation Background information

The block diagram

With specification of inputs and outputs

Functional description Subsection for each block of the blocks Description of the system
How the blocks interact with one another to make the system work Results of mathematical analysis, simulations and experiments and evaluations

System analysis

DACW5TPR top-down design top-down designers envision the system and then build the parts.

Example :

Develop a functional design for a system that measures and displays the speed of a bicycle. Be sure to clearly identify the design levels, functional requirements, and theory of operation for each level.
The system must Measure instantaneous velocities between zero and 75 miles per hour with an accuracy of 1% of full scale. Display the velocity digitally and include one digit beyond the decimal point. Operate with bicycle tires that have 19, 24, 26, 27 inch radius.

Level 0 Architecture

The overall goal is to triggered sound during

RTC Keypad Push Button

LCD

DACW5TPR

Buzzer
Timer

Digital Speedometer System Functionality

Functional Description
Module DACW5TPR

Input

Real Time Clock (RTC) Keypad Reset button

Output

LCD for display time (hour, minute & second) and date. Buzzer for time prayer reminder and alarm reminder.

Functionality

Trigged sound when prayer time reached while displayed time and date. Alarm reminder trigged sound when time set by user.

Level 1 Architecture
Reset Button Buzzer

User Interface

PIC16F87 7

Real Time Clock

LCD

Keypad

Power Supply 5v dc

 A timer is a specialized type of clock. A timer

can be used to control the sequence of an event or process.

Functional Description
Module Real Time Clock

Input

clocks and calendars programmable alarms with event recording power supervision including backup battery and system shutdown management.

Output

Functionality

Counts in 10ms increments when Vr is low and resets when Vr is high.

The counter will only need to count in intervals of 10 ms (100Hz) because the fastest recording of speed will be at 75 MPH using a 19 inch tire. This equates to about 22.11 rotations per minute. Therefore 100ths of a second would be sufficient. Refer below.
75 miles / hour * hour / 3600 sec * 63360 inches / mile = 1320 inches/s (fastest) NOTE: The time the Hall Effect sensor will activate would be shortest with a tire that has the shortest circumference. This tire would be the 19 inch tire C = pi*d = 3.14 * 19 = 59.69 inches = 22.11 rotations/s 1320 inches/sec * rotation/59.96 inches

The size of the bit value passed should be based on the slowest a person could go (longest count time) considering the accuracy of our device. Refer below.

1% accuracy of 75 MPH = .01 * 75 = 0.75 MPH (the slowest recordable speed). 75 miles / hour * hour / 3600 sec * 63360 inches / mile = 13.2 inches/s (fastest)
NOTE: The time the Hall Effect sensor will activate would be longest with a tire that has the longest circumference. This tire would be the 27 inch tire. C = pi*d = 3.14 * 27 = 84.83 inches = 0.1556 rotations/s or (by inversing) = 6.5 sec / rotation

13.2 inches/sec * rotation / 84.83 inches

Therefore, the number of placements the counter needs to hold is 6.5 seconds (using 10 ms increments), which turns out to be 650 counts. This can be easily obtained with a 10-bit representation (1024 counts).

Software Developement

Start program

 The system must

Read rtc programme of setting

year,month,day,hour,minutes,seconds.
Store the average, median, and standard

deviation values on disk.

Software Functional Description

Module Main()

Input arguments

none

Output arguments

None

Description

The main function is to call all the program that have been write in the PIC16F877A.

Software Functional Description

Module LCD Initialization Subroutine

Input arguments

No of Row Data Size mode Display Type Cursor Mode

Output arguments

To LCD register

Description

To initialize LCD. Hex number send to lcd register to set lcd Mode. 4 lcd registers need to be set ( line, data width, blink, cursor)