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The keyboard is a peripheral device which is directly connected on to the motherboard (system board). The keyboard is basically a set of switches (much like a typewriter) Switches are connected in the form of a matrix, surrounded by electronic circuits This Circuits monitor the key matrix that continuously scans the keys to recognize key action and generate a scan code.
Parallel Keyboard
It is a keyboard which outputs all the 8-bits at a time in a parallel form. All the bits are sent simultaneously on different lines. In this the transmission is faster, needs a thicker cable with more number of wires. In PCs we always use serial keyboards.
Board Switches
Different types of key switches. Mechanical key switches Membrane key switches Capacitive key switches Hall effect key switches Reed Relay key switches
Membrane switches
Very similar in operation to rubber dome keyboards. A membrane keyboard does not have separate keys . In this keyboard, two rubber or plastic sheet are used as row conductor sheet and column conductor sheet. When the key top is pressed, it forces the row conductor sheet through the hole to touch the column conductor sheet.
Membrane switches
(Contd.)
These row and column lines are made on the plastic or single rubber sheet It uses silver or some other conductor ink for each row and column of keys with bulges for each key on the keyboard. This keyboard can be made very thin, as a completely sealed unit.
Typematic Functions
If a key on the keyboards is held down, it becomes typematic, which means that the keyboard repeatedly sends the keypress code to the motherboard. In AT-style keyboards, typematic rate is adjustable by sending the keyboard processor the appropriate commands.
Keyboard Interface
Interface between the keyboard cable and the system unit is the keyboard interface which is a DIN (or mini-DIN if it's a PS/2) plug that has five (or six, for mini-DIN) pins as shown. All together there are four lines (wires) used for interfacing the keyboard with the system motherboard. They are - Keyboard data (KBDATA) - Keyboard clock (KBCLK) - DC source (+5V VCC) - DC ground (0V GND)
Keyboard Interface
(Contd.)
Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface is becoming more popular for keyboards, and some models may, in fact, require you to use a USB port unless you have a USB-to-PS/2 adapter to make the USB keyboard compatible with the PS/2 keyboard port. A USB connection is faster than the other, older I/O ports on your computer, such as COM and parallel ports.
Enhanced 101-Key (or 102-Key) Keyboard (Contd.) 101-key keyboard layout can be divided into the following four sections: - Typing area - Numeric keypad - Cursor and screen controls - Function keys
104-Key (Windows 9x/Me/2000) Keyboard (Contd.) Windows keyboard layout calls for the Left and Right Windows keys (called WIN keys) to flank the Alt keys on each side of the spacebar, as well as an Application key on the right of the Right Windows key. WIN keys open the Windows Start menu, which you can then navigate with the cursor keys. Application key simulates the right mouse button which in most applications, it brings up a context sensitive pop-up menu.
Cordless Keyboards
These are like regular keyboards, except instead of having a keyboard cable that runs from the keyboard to the PC, they have no cord. Wired interface between the keyboard and the motherboard is replaced with a wireless one. They also typically cost more than the corded models.