Presented By Ms. Pratibha P. Chavan (MEIT1004) Under Guidance Prof. V. S.

Deshpande

Introduction Congestion Control Mechanisms Methods of Congestion Detection Problem Statement Motivation Objectives Literature Survey Proposed Work Conclusion References

WSN consist of small microcontroller fitted with sensors and some means of communication radio. In a WSN, multiple sensors try to send data to a base station or sink this could result in congestion.
Sensing node

Sink Sensor field Sensor nodes

Cont.

Congestion in WSNs has a direct impact on energy efficiency and application QoS. Congestion Control studies how to recover from the congestion.

How to ensure fair and efficient transmission rates for each nodes in a sensor network?
Sink

Src1

Src2

Congestion Control method needs to be lightweight, fair and efficient. There are three mechanisms that can deal with this problem: -- Congestion detection -- Congestion notification -- Rate adjustment

Buffer occupancy Check ts/ta for congested system, where ts is packet service time and ta is packet inter arrival time. Channel Occupancy Reporting Rate (RR)

Design and implement Congestion in WSNs.

mechanism

to

mitigate

Congestion in WSNs can lead to buffer overflow, wastage of resources and delay or loss of critical information from the sensor Network. Hence, there is need to study the problem of congestion in WSNs and it is necessary to carry out congestion control which detects congestion precisely and regulates it fairly.

To detect Congestion in WSNs To mitigate Congestion in WSNs

Cont.

To minimize packet loss ratio To maximize throughput To increase PDR To minimize energy consumption To achieve weighted fairness for different class of traffic To control node wise flow To find out the optimized buffer window size

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An Energy Efficient Congestion Control Protocol for WSNs (EECC), 2009 IEEE Congestion Control and Fairness in WSNs (CCF), 2009 IEEE Congestion-Aware and Rate-Controlled Reliable Transport in WSNs (CRRT), 2009 IEICE Upstream Hop-by-Hop Congestion Control in WSNs (UHCC), 2009 IEEE

Cont.

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Advantages: Average energy consumed by the nodes is less. EECC increases Packet delivery Ratio (PDR). EECC increases throughput in terms no. of packets received. EECC protocol achieves congestion control along with energy saving. Disadvantages: An efficient MAC protocol is needed to work in power saving mode. Sink has to perform re-clustering in case of changes in time series reading of nodes.
Cont.
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Cont.

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Advantages: CCF supports multiple concurrent applications. CCF is highly robust to changes in underlying topology and routing dynamics. CCF ensures efficient use of network resources. It reduces oscillations, provides stability. CCF adjusts its aggressiveness according to the spare bandwidth in the network. It assigns fair and efficient rate to each node. Disadvantages: It considers feedback delays.
Cont.
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Advantages: CRRT increases the PDR and transmission efficiency. It achieves optimal rate. It assigns rate to the flows fairly. CRRT has a high energy efficiency. It has a high degree of fairness. It avoids congestion drops both locally and centrally.

Disadvantages: It uses centralized rate control mechanism.

Cont.

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Advantages: UHCC achieves higher throughput. It achieves better priority-based fairness. It has lower packet loss ratio than CCF and PCCP. It mitigates congestion hop by hop so faster response.

Disadvantages: It considers source traffic priority on all conditions.

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Proposed algorithm uses Buffer Occupancy as a method of Congestion Detection. Congestion Control is performed by Reporting Rate adjustments. Algorithm has to be implemented on Linux based NS2 simulator. Algorithm considers many parameters may like higher energy efficiency, throughput , fairness and many more. The orientation of graphs may vary if all parameters are considered.

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In WSNs, Congestion may cause packet loss, delay and energy waste due to a large no. of retransmissions and packet drops. So, it is necessary to carry out Congestion Control which detects congestion precisely and regulates it fairly

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[1] Guangxue Wang and Kai Liu, UHCC: Upstream Hop-by Hop Congestion

Control in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2009.

[2] V. S. Felix Enigo and Dr. V. Ramchandran, EECC: Energy Efficient

Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2009.

[3] Swastik Brahma, Mainak Chatterjee and Kevin Kwiat, CCF: Congestion

Control and Fairness in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2009.

[4] Muhammad M. Alam and Choong Seon Hong, CRRT: Congestion-Aware

and Rate-Controlled Reliable Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEICE 2009.

[5] Chonggang Wang, Kazem Sohraby, Victor Lawrence, Bo Li and Yueming Hu, Priority-based Congestion control in Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. of IEEE 2006.

Cont

[6] B. Hull, K. Jamieson and H. Balakrishnan, Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks, in Proc. of ACM Sensys04.
[7] C.-T. Ee and R. Bajcsy, Congestion control and fairness for many-to-one routing in sensor networks, in Proc. of ACM Sensys04. [8] Y. Sankarasubramaniam, O. Akan, I. Akyildiz, ESRT: Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. of ACM MobiHoc03. [9] C.-Y. Wan, S.B. Eisenman, A. T. Campbell, CODA: Congestion detection and avoidance in sensor networks, in Proc. ACM SenSys, Nov.2003. [10] Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli and Taieb Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks, Technology, Protocols, and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2007.

Thank you..
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