INDUSTRIAL COMPRESSOR BASIS

01/04/2009

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Index
1. Introduction 2. Compressor types used in processing plants 3. Methods of capacity control for the Principal types of Compressors

4. Flow capacities and discharge pressures for different compressor types

5. Speed and flow capacity ranges of standard compressor drives 6. Centrifugal compressors

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1. Introduction

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ndice 1. Introduction - The transportation of vapors and gases, as well as the set of required pressure in different equipment and lines (reactors, instrument air lines ..etc) is an important portion of the total operating cost of processing plants - The optimization of this unit operation can substantially lower the total operating cost of the plant - Compressors are gas transportation machines that perform the function of increasing the gas pressure by confinement or by kinetic energy conversion

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2. Compressor types used in processing plants

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

-Principal types of compressors used in processing plants:

-Positive-displacement (pressurize gases through confinement) - Rotary (blower, helical-screw, lobe, sliding vane, liquid ring) - Reciprocating
- Dynamic compressors (pressurize gases by acceleration) -Centrifugal

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

Blower http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fan

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

Sliding vane compressor

http://www.compair.com/About_Us/Compressed_Air_Explain ed--03Types_of_compressors.aspx

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

Typically used as a vacuum pump but can also be used as a gas compressor

Liquid ring compressor

http://www.simerics.com/animation/ring_pump_gas.gif

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

Helical-screw compressor
http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/~sj376/pr_3d.gif

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

Lobe compressor
http://www.simerics.com/animation/lobe_compressor_ani.gif

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

Reciprocating compressor
http://patcelte.chez-alice.fr/animations/pist.gif

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Axial compressor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_compressor

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ndice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Centrifugal compressor

http://www.saephils.com/products/aircompressor s/images/aircomptypes/rotation_model.gif

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3. Methods of capacity control for the Principal types of Compressors

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ndice 3. Methods of capacity control for the Principal types of Compressors

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4. Flow capacities and discharge pressures for different compressor types

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ndice 4. Flow capacities and discharge pressures for different compressor types

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5. Speed and flow capacity ranges of standard compressor drives

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ndice 5. Speed and flow capacity ranges of standard compressor drives

(1 ft3/min = 1,7 m3/h)

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6. Centrifugal compressors

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ndice 6. Centrifugal Compressors The centrifugal compressor is a machine that converts the momentum of gas into a pressure head The dynamic compressor achieves a pressure rise by adding kinetic-energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller This kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in static pressure by slowing the flow through a diffuser

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ndice 6. Centrifugal Compressors

Rotor or impeller

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ndice 6. Centrifugal Compressors

Impeller Diffuser

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ndice 6. Centrifugal Compressors

Diffuser

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ndice 6. Centrifugal Compressors

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Sources Photos and Illustrations:

Photos of compressors taken from internet

Explanations: Instrument Engineers Handbook-Fourth Edition

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