In vitro fertilization

Egg cells are fertilized outside the womans body. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing ova (eggs) from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy.

Surrogate motherhood
Surrogacy is a third party reproduction arrangement whereby a woman agrees to become pregnant for the purpose of gestating and giving birth to a child for others to raise. She may be the child's genetic mother or not, depending on the type of arrangement agreed to. A surrogate mother is a woman who carries a child for a couple or single person with the intention of giving that child to that person/people once the being is born (also called surrogate pregnancy). The surrogate mother may be the baby's biological mother (traditional surrogacy) or she may be implanted with someone else's fertilized egg (gestational surrogacy).

Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination (AI) is when sperm is placed into a female's uterus (intrauterine), or cervix (intracervical) using artificial means rather than by natural copulation. Either the woman's partner's sperm (artificial insemination by husband, AIH) or donor sperm (artificial insemination by donor, AID) can be used. Earlier, a popular form of artificial insemination was AIC, in which the sperm of the husband and a donor were mixed.

Egg donor
An egg donor is a woman who provides usually several eggs (ova, oocytes) for another person or couple who want to have a child. Egg donation involves the process of in vitro fertilization as the eggs are fertilized in the laboratory. The role of the egg donor is completed after the eggs have been obtained. Egg donation is part of the process of third party reproduction.

Sperm donor
Sperm donation is the practice by which a man gives or more commonly sells his semen to be used specifically to produce a baby. A man who donates sperm, a sperm donor, usually does so at a clinic known as a sperm bank. The cost of donor sperm in the United States ranges from around $200 - $3,000 per vial unit of semen, usually a quantity of around 0.7 ml.

medicalization of a non-medical act a symbol of male irresponsibility infantilization of males in the name of helping someone to have a child, society seems to be willing to set aside any existing moral restraints and conventions Sex is a contract, which always entails duties.

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