The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

The Microprocessors / Microcontrollers

SELAMAT DATANG WELCOME
8051 microcontroller

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

What is a microcontroller ?

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

The 8051 CPU

8051 Pins Layout and symbol

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

ATMEL AT89C51

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

Introduction
A chip with reads & executes a program stored in memory How the computer works is controlled by the program Must Capable of accepting, decoding and executing instructions, presented to them in binary form. Combination with I/O and memory peripheral is called microcontroller or microprocessor based system Microprocessor term also known as Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

Microprocessor Based System Block Diagram

A Microcontroller system

Single-chip microcontroller system

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Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

Microcontroller CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports for applications in which cost, power and space are critical single-purpose Microprocessor CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. expansive versatility general-purpose

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Simple Microcontroller Application

Another term to describe a microcontroller is - embedded controller or - single-chip microcontroller Because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded into one IC package.

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Selecting a Microcontroller
Choose the right one for your application
Speed, Power, Size, Cost Others: package options, integrated peripherals, scalability for future growth

Choose one with good software development support

development environment - good compiler and debugger availability evaluation boards in-circuit emulators for those with deep pockets RTOS availability

Other considerations
Hardware availability: make sure you can actually purchase the microcontroller before designing it in expertise, licensing, etc
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Selecting a Microcontroller
Microcontroller
an application-specific processor 8051 vs. HC11 it all depends on your application

Typically, microcontrollers...
are low cost, lightweight processors require few support components for better system integration come with integrated peripherals

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Selecting a Microcontroller
8051 and the 68HC11 series microcontrollers are popular in automotive industry PICs from Microchip Inc are popping up everywhere you require low cost and low performance, i.e. inside batteries, mice, toys, secure remotes
a few tens of cents in large qty. packages from 8 pins to 68 pins; typical 16 to 20 pins memory capacity from 256 bytes ROM to a few Kbytes RAM to a few hundred bytes RAM top speeds from 4 MHz to 33 MHz

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CPU Evolutions

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

Block Diagram
External interrupts Interrupt Control On-chip ROM for program code
Timer/Counter

On-chip RAM

Timer 1 Timer 0

Counter Inputs

CPU

OSC

Bus Control

4 I/O Ports

Serial Port

P0 P1 P2 P3

TxD RxD

Address/Data
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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

What is microcontroller ?
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/microcontroller.html

A highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising a controller.
Typically this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers.

Designed for a very specific task system.

to control a particular

As a result, the parts can be simplified and reduced, which cuts down on production costs.

Sometimes called embedded microcontrollers,

They are part of an embedded system -- that is, one part of a larger device or system.

Microcontrollers : "special purpose computers."

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CPU
Abbreviation of central processing unit. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Two typical components of a CPU are:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. The control unit, which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary
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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

Where can you find microcontroller.

microwave oven modern automobiles
engine is controlled, anti-lock brakes, the cruise control

remote control
TVs, VCRs and high-end stereo systems

digital cameras, cell phones, camcorders, answering machines, laser printers, telephones (the ones with caller ID, 20-number memory, etc.), pagers, and featureladen refrigerators, and dishwashers.

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microcontroller characteristics :
"embedded" inside some other device
(often a consumer product)

dedicated to one task and run one specific program. often low-power devices has a dedicated input device
and often (but not always) has a small LED or LCD display for output.

small and low cost. ruggedized in some way, but not always

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8051
The 8051 is relatively old. Most popular microcontrollers Derivative microcontrollers based on--and compatible with--the 8051 Many web pages, books, and tools. Latest models are by far more advanced than the original 8051 Labelled as "8051 compatible", "8051 compliant", or "8051 family" to emphasize their "noble heritage"

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List of the 8051 chips

Acer Labs (8051 Family) M6032, M6759 Actel (8051 Family) Core8051 Aeroflex UTMC (8051 Family) UT69RH051 Altium (8051 Family) Nexar TSK51 Analog Devices (8051 Family) ADuC812, ADuC814, ADuC816, ADuC824, ADuC831, ADuC832, ADuC834, ADuC836, ADuC841, ADuC842, ADuC843, ADuC845, ADuC847, ADuC848 AnchorChips (8051 Family) see Cypress Semiconductor Atmel (8051 Family) 80C32E, AT48801, AT83/87C5103, AT83/87C5111, AT83/87C5112, AT83/89C5132, AT87F51, AT87F51RC, AT87F52, AT87F55WD, AT89C1051, AT89C1051U, AT89C2051, AT89C4051, AT89C51, AT89C5131, AT89C51CC03, AT89C51ED2, AT89C51IC2, AT89C51ID2, AT89C51RB2, AT89C51RC, AT89C51RC2, AT89C51RD2, AT89C51SND1, AT89C52, AT89C55, AT89C55WD, AT89F51, AT89F52, AT89LS51, AT89LS52, AT89LS53, AT89LS8252, AT89LV51, AT89LV52, AT89LV55, AT89S4D12, AT89S51, AT89S52, AT89S53, AT89S8252, AT8xC5122, T80C31, T80C31X2, T80C32, T80C51, T80C51FP1, T80C51I2, T80C51ID2, T80C51RA2, T80C51RD2, T80C51U2, T83/87C51RB2,
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Contd: 8051 Manufacturer

Atmel Wireless & uC Cast, Inc. Chipcon CML Microcircuits Cybernetic Micro Systems CybraTech Cygnal Integrated Products Cypress Semiconductor Daewoo Dallas Semiconductor Digital Core Design Dolphin Domosys easyplug Evatronix Genesis Microchip Goal Semiconductor Honeywell Hynix Semiconductor Hyundai Infineon ST Microelectronics InnovASIC SyncMOS Intel Synopsys ISSI Syntek Maxim Semiconductor Co., Mentor Graphics Co. Ltd. Micronas TDK MXIC Temic l Myson Technology TI Nordic Semiconductor Triscend OKI Winbond Oregano Systems Zensys Philips Sanyo Sharp Siemens Silicon Laboratories, Inc. Siliconians SMSC 10/20 SST

The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

Microprocessor_links
Features of 8051 (http://www.archimedesinc.com/8051.htm) Describes the features of 8051 microcontroller. Instruction set overview for I8051 (http://www.ece.orst.edu/~pricec/8051/manuals/index.html) Gives an overview of the Arithmetic, Logical, Control, Data transfer and other miscellaneous instructions from the 8051 instruction set. The 8051 Microcontroller (http://www.labyrinth.net.au/~steve/8051.html) Sample source code, development tools, schematic diagrams, and many other links to 8051 microcontroller sites. 8051 Software (http://www.dcity.org/8051/software.htm) Freeware and shareware including assembler, disassembler, math functions, etc. Intel's X51 Microcontroller Page (http://www.intel.com/design/mcs51/). 8051 related topics (http://www.ece.orst.edu/~sllu/471/assemb.html ) This site discusses topics such as the 8051 Memory Organization, the Internal of 8031/51 and some Special Pins, Data and Address Accessing, Addressing Modes & Instruction Set Summary. FAQ 8051 (http://www.ece.orst.edu/~pricec/8051/faq/index.html) Frequently asked questions on the 8051. Another 8051 FAQ site (http://ee1.bradley.edu/~mrr2ro/micros/8051_faq.html) This site contains many links to FAQs for 8051 and other microcontroller users MicroLee (http://www.interlog.com/~miclee/8051.html) This site contains 8051 APPLICATION BOARD.
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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

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8051 Schematic

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The 8051 microprocessor/microcontroller

The 8051 CPU

The 8051 is a CPU that can be operate as normal microprocessor system with the external memory and I/O devices connected to the CPU

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Pinout brief description

Port 0
Dual purpose With external memory multiplexed address and data bus

Port 2
Dual purpose port. Higher byte of the address bus for external code memory. General purpose I/O.

Port 1
Dedicated I/O

Port 3
Dual purpose port Pins have alternative functions General purpose I/O

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Pinout brief description

PSEN program stroke enable
Output signal Enables external program (code) memory Usually connects to EPROM

ALE address latch enable

For demultiplexing the address and data bus Latch address sig to external register. the ALE signal oscillates at 1/12 the crystal frequency.

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Pinout brief description

EA external access
Select the internal or external ROM If LOW select the external ROM.

Power connection
+5 volt

I/O port
Port 1,2 &3
4 LS TTL load

RST reset
Master reset

Port 0
8 LS TTL load

XTAL
Norminal crystal frequency is 12 MHz.

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comparison
Part No
On-Chip ROM RAM (Bytes) Timers I/O Ports Serial Port Interrupt Sources

8051 8052 8751 8752 EPROM 4K 8k 4k 8k 128 256 128 256 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 6 8 6 8

8031 0K 128 2 2 1 6

8032 0K 256 3 2 1 8

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Parametric_Table
Self Program Memory 10-bit A/D (channels) Mask ROM (Kbytes) EEPROM (Kbytes) Flash (Kbytes) OTP (Kbytes) 16-bit Timers F.max (MHz) RAM (Bytes) Watchdog I/O Pins Vcc (V) Device AT80C51RD2 AT83C5103 AT83C51RB2 AT83C51RC2 AT83EB5114 AT87C5103 AT89C2051 AT89C2051x2 AT89C4051 AT89C51AC2 AT89C51AC3 AT89C51ED2 AT89C51IC2 AT89C51ID2 AT89C51RB2 AT89C51RC AT89C51RC2 AT89C51RD2 2 2 4 32 64 64 32 64 16 32 32 64 UART UART API API UART UART UART UART UART UART API API API API API API 2 2 2 2 12 12 16 32 4 UART TWI SPI ISP

1280 512 1280 1280 256 512 128 128 128 1280 2304 2048 1280 2048 1280 512 1280 2048

60 16 60 60 24 16 24 16 24 40 60 60 60 60 60 33 60 60

2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 3.0-3.6 3-5.5 2.7-6.0 2.7-6.0 2.7-6.0 3-5.5 3-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 4.0-6.0 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5

32 19 32 32 11 19 15 15 15 34 32 32 34 32 32 32 32 32

3 2

Yes

Yes Yes

1 1

3 3 2 2

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 8

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Parametric_Table
Mask ROM (Kbytes) EEPROM (Kbytes) Flash (Kbytes) OTP (Kbytes) 16-bit Timers Self Program Memory RAM (Bytes) F.max (MHz) 10-bit A/D (channels) Watchdog I/O Pins Vcc (V) Device AT89C55WD AT89LP2052 AT89LP4052 AT89LS51 AT89LS52 AT89LS53 AT89LS8252 AT89LV55 AT89S51 AT89S52 AT89S53 AT89S8252 AT89S8253 T89C5115 TS80C31X2 TS80C32X2 TS80C51RA2 TS80C51RD2 UART TWI ISP SPI

20 2 4 4 8 12 8 20 4 8 12 8 12 16 SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI UART API 2 2 2 SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI 2

256 256 256 128 256 256 256 256 128 256 256 256 256 512 128 256 512 1280

33 20 20 16 33 12 12 12 33 33 24 24 24 40 60 60 60 60

4.0-6.0 2.4-5.5 2.4-5.5 2.7-4.0 2.7-4.0 2.7-6.0 2.7-6.0 2.7-5.5 4.0-5.5 4.0-5.5 4.0-6.0 4.0-6.0 2.7-5.5 3-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5 2.7-5.5

32 15 15 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 20 32 32 32 32

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8

Yes Yes Yes

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Assumed / student
done some amount of programming basic understanding of hardware firm grasp on the three numbering systems
decimal, hexadecimal, and binary number

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