Graphs of Functions II 2

CHAPTER 2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II
2.1 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS The graph of a function is a set of points on the Cartesian Plane that satisfy the function Information is presented in the form of graphs Graph are widely used in science and technology Graphs are very useful to researchers, scientists and economist
The different type of functions and respective power of General form Example x Highest Type of
function
power of variable x
Linear
y = ax + c
y = 3x y = -4x + 5
y = 2x2 y = -3x2 + 2x y = 2x2 + 5x + 1
1 2 3 -1
Quadratic y = ax2 + bx + c Cubic
y = ax3 y = 2x3 y = ax3 + bx y = -3x3 + 5x 3 + bx + c y = ax 3 y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d y = 2x - 3x + 6 y=4 x y=-2 x
y=a Reciprocal x
a 0
LINEAR FUNCTION
LINEAR FUNCTION
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
QUBIC FUNCTION
QUBIC FUNCTION
RECIPROCAL FUNCTION
RECIPROCAL FUNCTION
Using calculator to complete the tables Using the scale given to mark the points on the x-axis and y-axis Plotting all the points using the scale given
COMP
CALC Memory
Example 1
Calculate the result for Y = 3X 5, when X = 4, and when X = 6
ALPHA
X )
3
CALC
3X 5
4 6
CALC
7 = 13
CALC Memory
Example 2
Calculate the result for Y = X2 + 3X 12, when X = 7, and when X = 8
ALPHA
X )
ALPHA
X )
x2
CALC CALC
1 7 8
X2 + 3X 12
= 58 = 76
CALC Memory
Example 3
Calculate the result for Y = 2X2 + X 6, when X = 3, and when X = -3
ALPHA
X )
ALPHA
X )
x2
CALC CALC
6 3 (-)
2X2 + X 6
= 15 3 = 9
CALC Memory
Example 4
Calculate the result for Y = -X3 + 2X + 5, when X = 2, and when X = -1
ALPHA
(-) +
CALC
X )
ALPHA
SHIFT
x3
x2
X )
CALC
-X3 + 2X + 5
+ 2
5 = 1
(-)
= 4
Example 5
Calculate the result for Y = 6 when X = -3, X and when X = 0.5
ALPHA
6 ab/c CALC (-) 3 CALC 0 .
6 x = -2 5 = 12
)
Example 6
Calculate the result for Y = 6 when X = -3, X and when X = 0.5
ALPHA
6
CALC CALC
X )
-1
6x-1
(-) 0
3 .
= -2 5 = 12
Y = -2X2 + 40 X Y 0
40
0.5
39.5
1 1.5
38 35.5
2
32
3
22
3.5
15.5
4
8
Y = X3 3X + 3
X -3 -2 -1 Y -15 1 5 0
3
0.5
1.625
1
1
1.5
1.875
2
5
Y = -16 X
X Y -4
4
-3
5.33
-2
8
-1
16
1
-16
2
-8
-5.33 -4
Using Calculator
2(4)2 + 5(4) 1 = 51 2 ( 1 4 = ) x2 + 5 ( 4 )
Using Calculator
(-2)3 - 12(-2) + 10 = 26 ( (-) 2 ( (-) 2 OR ( (-) 2 ( (-) 2 ) ) V 3 1 1 2 ) ) SHIFT x2 + 1 0 = 1 2
0 =
Using Calculator 6 = -2 (-3) 6 ( (-) 3 ) =
y = x2 + 2x
x y -5 15 -4 8 )2 + 2( )2 + 2( -3 -2 -1 0 -1 )= 3 )= 8 0 0 1 3 2 3 15
y = ( y =(
Completing the table of values y = -4 x

x y -4 -2.5 -1 -0.5 1 1.6 8 0.5 -8 1 -4 2 3.2 4 -1.25 -1
y = -4 ( ) = 4
y = -4 ( ) = -2
Marking the points on the x-axis and y-axis x-axis scale : 2 cm to 2 units
2.4 2
3.0
3.9 4
x-axis scale : 2 cm to 2 units
-3.6 -4
-3.0
-2.1 -2
y-axis scale : 2 cm to 5 units
15 14.5 13.5
12 10.75 10
y-axis scale : 2 cm to 5 units
-15 -15.5 -16.5
-18 -19.25 -20
The x-coordinate and y-coordinate
E (4,4) x A (-3,2) x C (2,0) x F (-7,-2) x x D (0,-4)
B (4,-3) x
x A (0,3) x E (-0.5,2) x B (0.3,1.5) 1 x C (0.5,-1.5)
-1
x D (-1,-3) -5
x A (0,1.2) x B (0.3,0.6) -1 x C (0.2,-1) 1
x D (-1,-1.2) -2
x A (0,5) x B (0.3,3) -1 x C (0.5,-3) x D (-1,-6) -10 1
2.1 A
Drawing the Graphs
To draw the graph of a function, follow these steps;

Construct a table for a chosen range of x values, for example -4 x 4 Draw the x-axis and the y-axis and suitable scale for each axis starting from the origin Plot the x and y values as coordinate pairs on the Cartesian Plane Join the points to form a straight line (using ruler) or smooth curve (using French Curve/flexible ruler) with a sharp pencil Label the graphs
2.1 A
Drawing the Graphs

GRAPH OF A LINEAR FUNCTION y 8 6 0 2 2 8 -4 +2 -2 4 2 0 -2 3 -4 2 4 x
Draw the graph of y = 3x + 2 for -2 x 2
solution
x y -2 -4
Draw the graph of y = x2 + 2x for -5 x 3
solution
y = x2 + 2x x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 3 -2 -1 0 -1 0 0 1 3 2 8 3 15
-3 + 2 -3
GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION
16
x
14 12
y = x2 + 2x
10 8 6 4
x
-5 -4 -3 -2
x
2
-1
x 0
Draw the graph of y = x3 - 12x + 3 for -4 x 4
solution
y = x3 - 12x + 3 x y -4 -3 -2 -1 0 3 1 2 3 4
-13 12 19 14
-8 -13 -6 19
-4 - 12 -4 + 3
GRAPH OF A CUBIC FUNCTION y 25 x x 20 x 15 10 5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -5 -10 x -15 x x x 1 2 3 x 4 x x
Draw the graph of y = -4 for -4 x 4. x
solution
y = -4 x x y -4 -2.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.6 4 8 1 2 3.2 4
-8 -4 -2 -1.25 -1
-4 -1
y
X
8 6
4 2
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -2 -4 -6 -8
X
1
X
2
X
3X
4 X
GRAPH OF A RECIPROCAL FUNCTION
x USING FRENCH CURVE
x x
USING FRENCH CURVE
USING FRENCH CURVE
x x x x
x x x
x x x
-10 -15 -20
Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

y x
y = x2 + 2x
16
x
14
Find (a) the value of y when x = -3.5 (b) the value of x when y = 11
y = 11
12 10
8 6 5
solution
From the graph; (a) y = 5
x
-5-4.4 -4 -3.5 -3 -2
x
2
(b) X = -4.4, 2.5
-1
2 2.5 3

y x
y = x2 + 2x
16
x
14 12 10
x
5
8 6
x
-5 -4 -3.5-3 -2
x
2
-1

y x y = x2 + 2x
-4.4
16
x
14 12 10
2.5
11
8 6 5
x
-5 -4 -3 -2
x
2
-1
x =1.5
y x 8 y = -4 x x 6 4 3.4 2 x -4 -3 x 1.8 -2 -1.2 -1 0 1 2 x
Find (a) the value of y when x = 1.8 (b) the value of x when y = 3.4
solution
(a) (b) y = -2.2 x = -1.2
-2 -2.2 -4 -6 -8 x
Notes
x
Values obtained from the graphs are approximations
2.1 C
Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

LINEAR a y=x 0 x
y b y = -x + 2 2 0 x
2.1 C
Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function

y QUADRATIC a y = x2
0 y b y = -x2 0
Identifying the shape of a Graph from 2.1 C a Given Function

y CUBIC a y = x3 0 x
y b y = -x3 + 2 2 0 x
2.1 C
Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

RECIPROCAL a y=1 x 0 x
y b y = -1 x 0 0 x
2.1 D
Sketching Graphs of Function

Sketching a graph means drawing a graph without the actual data It helps us to visualise the relationship of the variables When we sketch the graph, we do not use a graph paper, however we must know the important characteristics of the graph such as its general form (shape), the y-intercept and x-intercept
Sketching The Graph of A Linear Function

y = 2x + 4
y
Example
find the x-intercept of y = 2x + 4. Substitute y = 0 2x + 4 = 0 2x = -4 x = -2 Thus, x-intercept = -2 find the y-intercept of y = 2x + 4. Substitute x = 0 y = 2(0) + 4 y=4 Thus, y-intercept = 4 draw a straight line that passes x-intercept and y-intercept
4 y = 2x + 4
-2
Sketching The Graph of A Quadratic Function

y = -2x2 + 8 y 8
Example
a<0
the shape of the graph is y-intercept is 8 find the x-intercept of y = -2x2 + 8. Substitute y = 0 -2x2 + 8 = 0 -2x2 = -8 x2 = 4 Thus, x-intercept = -2 and 2
-2
x 2
Sketching The Graph of A Cubic Function

y = -3x3 + 5 y
Example
a<0
the shape of the graph is y-intercept is 5 5 x
The Solution of An Equation By Graphical 2.2 Method

Solve the equation x2 = x + 2
Solution
x2 = x + 2 x2 - x 2 = 0 (x 2)(x + 1) = 0 x = 2, x = -1
Solve the equation x2 = x + 2 by using the Graphical Method y 4 y = x2 3 y=x+2 B Let y = x + 2 and y = x2 Draw both graphs on the same axes Look at the points of intersection: A and B. Read the values of the coordinates of x. x = -1 and x x=2
2 A
-2
-1
2.2 The Solution of An Equation By Graphical
Method
12. (a) Complete Table 1 for the equation y = x2 + 2x by writing down the values of y when x = -3 and 2. x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 -2 0 -1 -1 0 0 1 3 2 3 15
TABLE 1
(b) By using scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 units on the y-axis, draw the graph of y = x2 + 2x for -5 x 3. (c) From your graph, find (i) the value of y when x = -3.5, (ii) the value of x when y = 11. (d) Draw a suitable straight line on your graph to find a value of x which satisfies the equation of x 2 + x 4 = 0 for -5 x 3.
Method
Example
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve each of the following equations. a) b) c) d) e) x2 - 5x - 3 = 4 x2 - 5x - 3 = 2x + 4 x2 - 5x - 2 = x + 4 x2 - 5x - 10 = 0 x2 - 7x - 2 = 0
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 5x - 3 = 4
solution
a) x2 - 5x - 3 = 4 x2 - 5x - 3 = y
Therefore, y = 4 is the suitable straight line
b) x2 - 5x - 3 = 2x + 2
x2 - 5x - 3 = y
Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 5x 2 = x + 4
solution
c) x2 - 5x - 2 = x + 4 -1 on both sides
x2 - 5x 2 - 1 = x + 4 - 1 x2 - 5x - 3 = x + 3
Therefore, y = x + 3 is the suitable straight line
solution
d) x2 - 5x - 10 = 0 x2 - 5x = 10 x2 - 5x - 3 = 10 - 3 x2 - 5x - 3 = 7 Rearrange the equation -3 on both sides
Therefore, y = 7 is the suitable straight line
solution
e) x2 - 7x - 2 = 0 x2 = 7x + 2 Rearrange the equation -5x - 3 on both sides
x2 - 5x 3 = 7x + 2 - 5x - 3 x2 - 5x - 3 = 2x -1
Therefore, y = 2x - 1 is the suitable straight line
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: -x2 - 2x - 5 = 0
Alternative Method
Since a straight line is needed, we used to eliminate the term, x2. The following method can be used
y = x2 - 5x - 3 0 = -x2 - 2x - 5
1
1 2
y+0 = -5x + (-2x) - 3 + ( -5) y = -7x - 8
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: -x2 - 2x - 5 = 0
Alternative Method
y = (-2x - 5) 5x - 3 y = -2x - 5 5x - 3 y = -7x - 8
X2 = -2x - 5
Substitute x2 = -2x - 5 into y = x2 5x - 3
Alternative Method
y = x3 - 5x - 3 0 = x3 - 7x - 2
1
1 2
y-0 = -5x - (-7x) - 3 - ( -2) y = 2x - 1
Alternative Method
y = (7x + 2) 5x - 3 y = 7x + 2 5x - 3 y = 2x - 1
X3 = 7x + 2
Substitute x3 = 7x + 2 into y = x3 5x - 3
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 2x = 4
Alternative Method
y = x2 - 5x - 3 0 = x2 - 2x - 4
1
x2 2x - 4 = 0
1 2
y-0 = -5x - (-2x) - 3 - ( -4) y = -3x + 1
The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 2x = 4
Alternative Method
y = (2x + 4) 5x - 3 y = 2x + 4 5x - 3 y = -3x + 1
X2 = 2x + 4
Substitute x2 = 2x + 4 into y = x2 5x - 3
The graph y = 8 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line x to be drawn to solve each the equation: 4 = x + 1 x
solution
4=x+1 x We get 8 = 2x + 2 x
Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line Multiply both sides by 2
The graph y = 8 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line x to be drawn to solve each the equation: - 8 = -2x - 2 x
solution
-8 = -2x - 2 x We get 8 = 2x + 2 x
Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line Multiply both sides by -1
Method
TABLE 1
solution
12. (a) x y y = x2 + 2x -5 15 -4 8 -3 3 -2 -1 0 -1 0 0 1 3 2 8 3 15
y = (-3 ) 2 + 2 ( -3 ) = 3 y = ( 2 )2 + 2( 2 ) = 8
12. (a) x
16
y x
14 12 10
8 6 4
x
-5 -4 -3 -2
x
2
-1
x 0
12. (c) y x
16
x
14 12 y = 11 10
Answer:
(i) y = 5.0 (ii) x = -4.4 x = 2.5
8 6 5 4
x
-5-4.4 -4-3.5 -3 -2
x
2
-1
x 0
2 2.5 3
12. (d) y x
16
x
14 12 10
y = x2 + 2x + 0 - 0 = x2 + x - 4 y = x+ 4
x 0 -4 y 4 0 x
Answer:
(d) x = 1.5 x = -2.5
8 6 4 x 2
x
-5 -4
x
1 1.5 2 3
-3 -2.5 -2
-1
x 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + x 4 = 0 a = 1 b = 1 c = -4
Press 3x
MODE EQN 1 2 (-) 4 a? 1 1 Unknowns ? 2 3 Degree? 2 3
b?
c?
x1 = 1.561552813
x2 = -2.561552813
2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b,
y > ax + b or y < ax + b
How can we determine whether a given point satisfies y = 3x + 1, y < 3x + 1or y > 3x + 1 ?

Let us consider the point (3,5). The point can only satisfies one of the following relations: (a) y = 3x + 1 (b) y < 3x + 1 (c) y > 3x + 1
< 3x + 1 3(3) + 1 10
= <
5 < 5
>
Since the y-coordinate of the point (3,5) is 5, which is less than 10, we conclude that y < 3x + 1 . Therefore, the point (3,5) satisfies the relation y < 3x + 1

Example
Determine whether the following points satisfy y = 3x - 1, y < 3x - 1 or y > 3x - 1. (a) (1,-1) (b) (3,10) (c) (2,9)

Solution
For point (1,-1)
When x = 1, y = 3(1) - 1 = 2 Since the y-coordinate of the point (1,-1) is -1, which is less than 2, we conclude that y < 3x - 1 . Therefore, the point (1,-1) satisfies the relation y < 3x - 1
2.3
REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES
Solution
For point (3,10)
When x = 3, y = 3(3) - 1 = 8 Since the y-coordinate of the point (3,10) is 10, which is greater than 8, we conclude that y > 3x - 1 . Therefore, the point (3,10) satisfies the relation y > 3x - 1

Solution
For point (-1,-4)
When x = -1, y = 3(-1) - 1 = -4 Since the y-coordinate of the point (-1,-4) is -4, which is equal to -4, we conclude that y = 3x - 1 . Therefore, the point (-1,-4) satisfies the relation y = 3x - 1
2.3
REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y = ax + b
2.3 B Determining The Position of A Given Point Relative to
All the points satisfying y < ax + b are below the graph
All the points satisfying y = ax + b are on the graph
All the points satisfying y > ax + b are above the graph
2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determining The Position of A Given Point Relative to 2.3 B y = ax + b
The point P(4,8) lies above the line y = x. This region is represented by y > x The point Q(4,2) lies below the line y = x. This region is represented by y < x The point Q(4,4) lies on the line y = x. This region is represented by y = x -6 -4 -2 y 8 6 4 2 0 -2
y>x Q(4,4) Q(4,2) P(4,8)
-4 -8
y<x
2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determining The Position of A Given Point Relative to 2.3 B y = ax + b
y 8
P(-8,6) Q(2,8)
The point P(-8,6) lies above the line y = 3x + 2. This region is represented by y > 3x + 2 The point Q(4,4) lies below the line y = 3x + 2. This region is represented by y < 3x + 2
6 4 2
Q(4,4)
-8
-4
-2
0 -2
y > 3x + 2
-4 -8
y < 3x + 2

2.3 C Identifying The Region Satisfying y > ax + b or y < ax + b y
EXAMPLE
Determine whether the shaded region in the graph satisfies y < 3x + 2 or y > 3x + 2 8 6 4 2 -8 -4 -2 0 -2 -4 -8 2 4 8 x
solution
The shaded region is below the graph, y = 3x + 2. Hence, this shaded region satisfies y< 3x + 2

2.3 D Shading The Regions Representing Given Inequalities
Symbol
The type of line to be drawn depends on inequality symbol
Type of Line Dashed Line Solid line
< or >
HoT TiPs
The dashed line indicates that all points are not included in the region. The solid line indicates that all points on the line are included
or
The table above shows the

symbols of inequality and the corresponding type of line to be drawn

y y > ax + b a>0 b y b
y < ax + b a>0 x
0 y y ax + b a>0 b
y b y ax + b a>0 x

y y >ax + b a<0 y
b x
y ax + b a<0 x
0 y y < ax + b a<0 b x
y b y ax + b a<0 x
2.3

y x >a a>0 0 y xa a>0 0 a x a 0 a x a 0 y
x>a a<0 x
y xa a<0 x
2.3 2.3 E
REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More Simultaneous Linear Inequalities
Example
Shade the region that satisfies 3y < 2x + 6, 2y -x + 2 and x 3.

y
2 X=3 1 -3 0 2 3 x
2.3

Shade the region that satisfies 3y < 2x + 6, 2y -x + 2 and x 3.
2 X=3 1 -3 0 2 3 x
2.3

Region A satisfies 2y -x + 2, 3y < 2x + 6, and x 3
y
A
1 -3 0 2
X=3

2.3 E Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More
Simultaneous Linear Inequalities
Region A satisfies 2y -x + 2, 3y < 2x + 6, and x 3
A
1 -3 0 2
X=3
2.3
Region A satisfies 2y > -x + 2, 3y 2x + 6, and x < 3
A
1 -3 0 2
X=3
2.3

Region B satisfies y -x + 3, y < x , and x 3
y 3
B
0
x=3
2.3

Region B satisfies y > -x + 3, y x , and x < 3
y 3
B
0
x=3
2.3

x = -3
Region C satisfies y > -x + 3, y -2x , and x >-3
C
-3
3 x
y x
16 14 12 10
y = x2 + 2x
Region A satisfies y x2 + 2x, y x + 4, and x 0
8 6 4 x 2
x
y = x+ 4
x
-5 -4
x
1 1.5 2
-3 -2.5 -2
-1
y x
16 14 12 10
y = x2 + 2x
Region A satisfies y x2 + 2x, y x < 4, and x 0
8 6
x
y = x+ 4
x
-5 -4
4 x 2
Ax
-3 -2.5 -2
-1
1 1.5 2
SPM Clone
Shade the region that satisfies y 2x + 8, y x, and y < 8
y y=x y=8
y 2x + 8 yx y<8
y = 2x + 8
SPM Clone
Shade the region that satisfies y 2x + 8, y x, and y < 8
y y=x y=8
K3 x
y = 2x + 8
3.
y y=x y=8 K2 x
2 y = 2x + 8
3.
y y=x K1
0 x
y = 2x + 8
On the graphs provided, shade the region which satisfies the three inequalities x < 3, y 2x 6 and y -6 [3 marks] y y = 2x6 O x
y = 6
Solution:
x < 3, y 2x 6 and y -6
x=3 y = 2x6
y = 6
K3
x-intercept = -(-6 2) = 3
On the graphs provided, shade the region which satisfies the three inequalities y x - 4, y -3x + 12 and y > -4 [3 marks] y = 3x+12 y y = x4
Solution:
y x - 4, y -3x + 12 and y > -4
y = 3x+12 y y = x4
x y = 4 K3
y-intercept =-4
Cloned SPM Question

TABLE 1
12. (a) Complete Table 1 for the equation y = x2 + 2x by writing down the values of y when x = -3 and 2.
Solution
x y
ALPHA
-5 15
-4 8 X )
-3 3
-2 -1 0 -1
0 0
1 3
ALPHA
2 8
3 15 X )
x2
X2 + 2X
CALC CALC CALC
-5 -3 2
= 15 = 3 = 8
2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 units on the y-axis, for -5 x 3.
y 12. (b) x
16
x
14 12 10
8 6
x
-5 -4 -3
x
2
x -2
-1
0 -2

12. (c) (i) y x
y = x2 + 2x
16
x
14 12 10
x
5
8 6
x
-5 -4 -3.5-3 -2
x
2
-1
0 -2

12. (c) (ii) y x y = x2 + 2x
-4.4
16
x
14 12 10
2.5
11
8 6 5
x
-5 -4 -3 -2
x
2
-1
0 -2
(d) Draw a suitable straight line on your graph to find a value of x which satisfies the equation of x 2 + x 4 = 0 for -5 x 3. Answer:
(d) x = x=
1 - 2
y = x2 + 2x + 0 1 0 = x2 + x - 4 2 y-0 = 2x - x + 0 - ( -4) y=x+4

x 0 -4 y 4 0
12. (d) y x
16
x
14 12 10
y = x2 + 2x + 0 - 0 = x2 + x - 4 y = x+ 4
x 0 -4 y 4 0 x
Answer:
(d) x = 1.5 x = -2.5
8 6
x
-5 -4
4x 2
x
1 1.5 2 3
-3 -2.5 -2
-1
0 -2
12. (a) x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 3 -2 -1 0 -1 0 0 1 3 2 8 3 15 K1 K1
y 12. (b) x
16
P1 x
14 12 10
K2 N1 x
8 6
x
-5 -4
4x 2
x
1 2 3
K2
-3
-2
-1
0 -2
12. (c) (i) y = 5 (ii) x = -4.4, 2.5 12. (d) x = 1.5, -2.5
y = x2 + 2x + 0 - 0 = x2 + x - 4 y = x+ 4
P1 P1P1 N1
x 0 -4 y 4 0
Cloned SPM Question

12. (a) Complete Table 1 for the equation y ! by writing down the values of y x when x = -1.5 and 2. x y -4 0.75 -3 1 -1.5 -1 3 -0.5 6
TABLE 1
0.5 -6
1 -3
1.5 -2
4 -0.75
3 (b) By using scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the both axis, draw the graph of y ! , x for -4 x 4.
(c) From your graph, find (i) the value of y when x = 1.6, (ii) the value of x when y = 3.3. (d) Draw a suitable straight line on your graph to find a value of x which satisfies 3 ! 2 x 4 for -4 x 4. the equation of
x
Solution
x y -4 0.75 -3 1 -1.5 -1 3 -0.5 6 0.5 -6 1 -3 1.5 -2 2 4 -0.75
-1.5
ALPHA
(-)
CALC CALC
) -3 x 3 ab/c (-) 1 . 5 = 2 2 = -1.5
(b)
x6 y 5 4 x x x -4 x -3 -2 -1 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 x x x 1 2 x 3 4 x x
(c)
x6 y 5 4 x x x -4 x -3 -2 3 2 1 -1-0.9 0 -1 -1.9 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 x x 1.6 1 2 x x 3 4 x x 3.3
Solution
(d) Graph already drawn: Equation to be solved: 1
3 y! , x 3 0 ! 2x 4 x y ! 2 x 4
1 2
(d) The graph y ! 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line
3 to be drawn to solve the equation: ! 2 x 4 x
Solution
3 ! 2x 4 x
We get Multiply both sides by -1
3 !y x
3 = -2x - 4 x
Therefore, y = -2x - 4 is the suitable straight line
y = -2X 4
ALPHA
X )
(-)
CALC CALC
2 (-) 0
-2X 4
2 = 0 = -4
x6 y 5 4 x x x -4 x -3 x -2 -1 -2.6 3 2 0.6 1 0 -1 -2 -3 x -4 -5 -6 x x x 1
2 x
4 x
12. (a)
x y -4 0.75 -3 1 -1.5 -1 3 -0.5 6 0.5 -6 1 -3 1.5 -2 2 4 -0.75
-1.5
K1K1
x6 y 5 4 x x x -4 x -3 x -2 -1 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 x -4 -5 -6 x x x 1 2 x 3 4 x
P1
K2 N1
x
K2
12. (c) (i) y = -1.9 (ii) x = -0.9 12. (d) x = -2.6, 0.6
P1 P1 N1 N1

Graphs of Functions II 2

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Graphs of Functions II 2

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CHAPTER 2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II

Quadratic y = ax2 + bx + c Cubic

y = ax3 y = 2x3 y = ax3 + bx y = -3x3 + 5x 3 + bx + c y = ax 3 y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d y = 2x - 3x + 6 y=4 x y=-2 x

6 ab/c CALC (-) 3 CALC 0 .

Using Calculator 6 = -2 (-3) 6 ( (-) 3 ) =

Completing the table of values y = -4 x

x-axis scale : 2 cm to 2 units

y-axis scale : 2 cm to 5 units

y-axis scale : 2 cm to 5 units

-15 -15.5 -16.5

-18 -19.25 -20

The x-coordinate and y-coordinate

E (4,4) x A (-3,2) x C (2,0) x F (-7,-2) x x D (0,-4)

x A (0,3) x E (-0.5,2) x B (0.3,1.5) 1 x C (0.5,-1.5)

x A (0,1.2) x B (0.3,0.6) -1 x C (0.2,-1) 1

x A (0,5) x B (0.3,3) -1 x C (0.5,-3) x D (-1,-6) -10 1

Drawing the Graphs

To draw the graph of a function, follow these steps;

Drawing the Graphs

Draw the graph of y = 3x + 2 for -2 x 2

Draw the graph of y = x2 + 2x for -5 x 3

GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION

Draw the graph of y = x3 - 12x + 3 for -4 x 4

GRAPH OF A CUBIC FUNCTION y 25 x x 20 x 15 10 5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -5 -10 x -15 x x x 1 2 3 x 4 x x

Draw the graph of y = -4 for -4 x 4. x

GRAPH OF A RECIPROCAL FUNCTION

x USING FRENCH CURVE

USING FRENCH CURVE

USING FRENCH CURVE

-10 -15 -20

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

(b) X = -4.4, 2.5

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

y x 8 y = -4 x x 6 4 3.4 2 x -4 -3 x 1.8 -2 -1.2 -1 0 1 2 x

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function

Identifying the shape of a Graph from 2.1 C a Given Function

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

Sketching Graphs of Function

Sketching The Graph of A Linear Function

Sketching The Graph of A Quadratic Function

Sketching The Graph of A Cubic Function

the shape of the graph is y-intercept is 5 5 x

The Solution of An Equation By Graphical 2.2 Method

2.2 The Solution of An Equation By Graphical

2.2 The Solution of An Equation By Graphical

Therefore, y = 4 is the suitable straight line

Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line

Therefore, y = x + 3 is the suitable straight line

Therefore, y = 7 is the suitable straight line

Therefore, y = 2x - 1 is the suitable straight line

y+0 = -5x + (-2x) - 3 + ( -5) y = -7x - 8

Substitute x2 = -2x - 5 into y = x2 5x - 3

y-0 = -5x - (-7x) - 3 - ( -2) y = 2x - 1

y-0 = -5x - (-2x) - 3 - ( -4) y = -3x + 1

2.2 The Solution of An Equation By Graphical

2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

2.3 REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

All the points satisfying y < ax + b are below the graph

All the points satisfying y = ax + b are on the graph

All the points satisfying y > ax + b are above the graph

(d) The graph y ! 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line

3 to be drawn to solve the equation: ! 2 x 4 x