Nuclear Suppliers Group

The NSG is a group of nuclear supplier countries

that seeks to contribute to the nonproliferation of nuclear
weapons through the implementation of Guidelines for
nuclear related exports.

Established : 1974

The European Commission participates as an observer.

Member countries: 45

2008/2009 NSG Chair Country: Germany

 Membership Criteria

 Support of international efforts towards non-proliferation of weapons of mass

destruction and of their delivery vehicles.

 The country should register under any international nuclear nonproliferation

agreement such as Treaties of Pelindaba, Rarotonga, Tlatelolco, Bangkok

 Enforcement of a legally based domestic ex-port control system which gives

effect to the commitment to act in accordance with the Guidelines

 The ability to supply items (including items in transit) covered by the annexes
to Parts 1 and 2 of the NSG Guidelines

 Adherence to the Guidelines and action in accordance with them;

 What are the Guidelines?

 Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers

The first set of NSG Guidelines governs the export of items that
are especially designed or prepared for nuclear use.
Example: nuclear material; nuclear reactors and equipment.

 Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use

Equipment, Materials, Software and Related Technology

The second set of NSG Guidelines governs the export of nuclear

related dual-use items and technologies, that is, items that can make
a major contribution to an un safeguarded nuclear fuel cycle or
nuclear explosive activity, but which have non-nuclear uses as well,
for example in industry.
 Aim of the NSG Guidelines

The NSG Guidelines aim to ensure that nuclear trade for

peaceful purposes does not contribute to the proliferation of
nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices which
would not hinder international trade and cooperation in the
nuclear field.

The NSG Guidelines facilitate the development of trade

in this area by providing the means whereby obligations to
facilitate peaceful nuclear cooperation can be implemented in
a manner consistent with international nuclear non-
proliferation norms.
 Nuclear Energy

Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into parts (lighter
nuclei) often producing free neutrons and other smaller nuclei.( Exothermic
reaction)
Fission reaction is a controllable chain reaction used in power generation.

Nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple- like charged atomic nuclei join
together to form a heavier nucleus. It is accompanied by the release or
absorption of energy.
Fusion reaction appears in stars. It is a uncontrollable chain reaction.
 Nuclear fission chain reaction

Thorium, Uranium, Plutonium,

Deuterium, Tritium,
Isotope separation.
Fertile material.

The fission of one atom of U-235

generates 200MeV of energy.
 Global overview
Countries Nuclear reactors

USA 121

Japan 85

CIS 73

India 17
 Nuclear power in India
Nuclear weapons
India: 6 underground tests (including the first one in 1974), at Pokhran.

Nuclear power is one of the fastest growing power-generation industries in India.

(9th in the world)
As of 2008, India has 17 nuclear power plants in operation generating
4,120 MW while 6 other are under construction and are expected to generate
an additional 3,160 MW. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India plans to
generate 20,000 MW of power by 2020.
5 power plants are under construction
 Power generation in India

Thermal power 64.6 percent

Hydro power 24.7 percent
Renewable power 7.7 percent
Nuclear power 2.9 percent
 Nuclear power plants in India
Power Operat Total capacity
State Type Units
station or (MW)

Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PWHR 220 x 3 660

Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PWHR 220 x 2 440

Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu PWHR 220 x 2 440

Uttar
Narora NPCIL PWHR 220 x 2 440
Pradesh

100 x 1, 200 x 1, 220

Rawatbhata NPCIL PWHR 740
Rajasthan x2

Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtr BWR (PWHR 160 x 2, 540 x 2 1400

a )

        Total 4120
 Problems in Indian power sector

Unable to meet the demand because of

 Its large population.

 Rapid growth of industrialization.
 Lack of resources (money, technology & natural)
 India-US nuclear agreement

Initial support and opposition

The deal had initial support from the United States, the United Kingdom,
France, Japan, Russia, Germany, Australia, Switzerland, and Canada.

U.S. State Department made it "very clear that we will not recognize India as a
nuclear-weapon state".

China argued the agreement constituted "a major blow to the international non-
proliferation regime". New Zealand said it would like to see a few conditions
written in to the waiver: the exemption ceasing if India conducts nuclear
tests.
 Role of NSG in U.S.-India Peaceful Atomic
Energy Cooperation Act (Hyde Act)

In July 2006, the United States Congress allowed US laws to be amended to

accommodate civilian nuclear trade with India.

In another meeting on September 6, 2008, the NSG members agreed to grant

India a "clean waiver" from its existing rules, which forbid nuclear trade
with a country which has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
(NPT).

The NSG's decision came after three days of intense U.S. diplomacy. The
approval was based on a formal pledge by India stating that it would not
share sensitive nuclear technology or material with others and will uphold its
voluntary moratorium on testing nuclear weapons.
 Merits and Demerits of the deal

Merits
 India can meet its energy demand
 Increase in FDI in power sector
 Employment opportunities
 Overall development of the nation
Demerits
 Hazardous nuclear waste may pollute the environment
 India can not conduct nuclear tests for military weapons
 New nuclear power plants will cause lakhs of inhabitants
to leave the place forever.
 Chances of nuclear accidents.(Chernobyl disaster)
Thank you