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SMRF Model
20.04.2011
In this MR damper the viscous and shear properties of the MR fluid are controlled by the applied magnetic field, which is a function of the excitation current.
Model RD-1003-5
F=cos <1
F=1
F=1
F=2 to 5
Main contribution
1. Mechanical characterization of MR damper 2. An experimental investigation on a model of a 3-Storey SMRF model conducted to show the efficiency of MR damper fitted with toggle type mechanism
This is a compact MR fluid damper unsurpassed in its combination of controllability, responsiveness and energy density In this MR damper the viscous and shear properties of the MR fluid are controlled by the applied magnetic field, which is a function of the excitation current.
Which can be applicable to, An adaptive space truss structures Middle-sized passenger vehicle
The properties of damper Compressed length = 155 mm Extended Length = 208 mm Body Diameter = 41.4 mm Shaft Diameter = 10 mm Weight = 800 g Minimum tensile strength = 4.4kN, Maximum Operating temperature= 71oC
Model RD-1003-5
Mechanical characterization of MR damper continued .. Theoretical and experimental dynamic characterization of MR dampers
a) Force Vs.Time
0A 2 1 0 -1 -2 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 0.25A 0.5A 0.75A 1A
Force (KN)
Time (s)
b) Force Vs.Displacement
2 2 1 1
c) Force Vs.Velocity
Force (KN)
Force (KN)
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1
-1
-2 -3
-2 -40
-20
20
40
Displacement (mm)
Velocity (mm/s)
Current (A)
3000 2000
F orce (N )
F orce (N )
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
1000
-0.2
-0.1
Velocity (m/sec)
-3000 -0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
Velocity (m/sec)
SUMMARY
The force-time, force-velocity, force-displacement relationships are determined from the experimental results. Experimental force-velocity relationships are fitted to a Fractional Velocity Power law (FVP law). These relations are further used in the analytical studies.
Steel frame model with Toggle brace mechanism with MR Dampers- Experimental investigation
Effectiveness of Nonlinear VFDs with Upper Toggle Brace Mechanism DESCRIPTION OF FRAME MODEL : 1120 x 960mm : 850 mm : 700 mm : 2300 mm : ISLB 100 @ 8 Kg/m : ISLB 100 @ 8 Kg/m : 6mm : 300x300x10mm : Bolted connection ( 8,10 mm high strength Bolts with spring washers) Pipe Section : OD21mm/ID17mm Reinforced concrete slab : 1120x960x60 mm Plan Dimension First Storey height 2nd,3rd storey height Total height Column Section Beam Section Gusset Plate Thickness Base Plate dimension Type of connection
700
ISLB100
700
ISLB100
ISLB100
700
700
ISLB 100
Pipe OD21/ID17
Damper 850
43
Pipe OD21/ID17
638
69
32
38
850
406
FRONT VIEW
3D-VIEW
SIDE VIEW
FRF
20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Frequency
Frequency Comparison
Mode 1 2 3 Natural Frequency (Hz) Experimental Analytical 4.17 4.0 12.52 12.5 19.52 20.0 Storey 1 2 3
Storey
Fundamental Natural frequencies for frame model with and without current input (Sine wave excitation, 0.1g) Natural Frequency (Hz) Current Input 0A 0.25A 0.5A 0.75A 1.0A First Mode 4.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 Second Mode 18.5 18.0 17.5 17.5 17.5
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 3.4
Current input 0A Input current = 0.25A Input current = 0.5A Input current = 0.75A Input current = 1A
3.8
4.2
4.6
5.4
5.8
6.2
6.6
Frequency ( Hz )
Experimental Evaluation of damping using half-bandwidth method Current input Amplitude Amplitude/ (mm) 1.0 9.5 6.72 0.75 8.7 6.15 0.50 7.6 5.37 0.25 5.5 3.89 0.0 7 4.95
Note: is damping ratio
(f 1 - f 2 ) (f 1 + f 2 )
Lin YY, Chang KC, Chen CY. Direct displacement-based design for seismic retrofit of existing buildings using nonlinear viscous dampers, Bull Earthquake Eng 2008; 6:535-552.
2T E 1 E 1 E u roof J mr , j f j j P jCN,j T m \d ! 2 2T i mi J mi
j j
E j 2
1
(9)
Pj ! 2
E j2
+2 (1 E j / 2 ) +( 2 E j )
E j 2
\d !
P j C N , j 2T 3 j ( 2 E j ) Tm 2T
u roof J mr , j f j
E j 1 E j 1
E j 1
2 i mi J mi
(15)
d)
Considering Dampers at I & II floor 0.02 0.0558 0.0969 0.1198 0.1578 I, II & III floor 0.0226 0.0631 0.1104 0.1378 0.1816
Current (A)
co N (s/m)E
585 1632 2700 3150 4150 0.34 0.34 0.28 0.21 0.21
d)
Considering Dampers at I & II floor 0.0256 0.0715 0.1275 0.1626 0.2143 I, II & III floor 0.0290 0.0809 0.1453 0.1871 0.2465
Current (A)
co
585 1632 2700 3150 4150
N (s/m)E 0.34 0.34 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.0186 0.0520 0.0915 0.1150 0.1515
3 2 1 0
A c c e le r a t io n ( m /s
-1 -2 -3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Time (s) 40 45 50 55 60
4 2 0
-2 -4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Time (s)
Experimental investigation on a model of a 3-Storey SMRF continued Results of Experimental investigation on use of MR dampers
Inter-storey drifts of 3-storey frame subjected to exc1
WOD 0.5A 0A 0.75A 0.25A 1A
Floor
Floor
2 1 0 0 3 6 9 12 15
2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Drift(mm)
Drift(mm)
Inter-storey drift
Storey shears of the frame subjected to excitation exc1
WOD 0A 0.25A 0.5A 0.75A 1A WOD
Inter-storey drift
Storey shears of the frame subjected to excitation exc2
0A 0.25A 0.5A 0.75A 1A
Floor
Floor
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Shear(kN)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Shear(kN)
Storey Shears
Storey Shears
Table VIII Reduction in storey displacement, acceleration and drift ratio in 3-Storey frame with provision of MR dampers at different current inputs EQ Config. Current (A) Storey displacements (mm) First 11.5 0.0 0.25 WD exc 1 0.50 0.75 1.0 0.0 0.25 Reduction (%) 0.50 0.75 1.0 WOD 0.0 0.25 WD exc 2 0.50 0.75 1.0 0.0 0.25 Reduction (%) 0.50 0.75 1.0 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 85.08 89.37 91.42 91.85 91.85 26.6 7.2 5.7 2.6 15.9 11.8 73.07 78.53 90.40 40.32 40.32 Second 8.9 2.1 3.3 3.0 3.1 4.8 76.58 62.72 66.00 64.49 45.83 17.0 9.6 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.9 43.31 62.09 64.91 67.66 65.54 Third 11.6 2.9 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.6 75.16 66.69 70.72 69.08 68.62 21.0 8.4 7.1 8.6 8.6 7.7 60.20 66.35 58.89 59.27 63.51 Inter-storey drifts (mm) First 11.50 2.90 1.20 1.00 0.90 1.10 74.78 89.57 91.30 92.17 90.43 26.57 4.76 6.04 4.33 3.07 3.31 65.55 71.28 89.38 40.32 55.73 Second 14.50 4.90 2.30 2.50 2.70 4.40 66.21 84.14 82.76 81.38 69.66 27.81 27.81 8.63 5.81 5.84 20.63 68.97 79.10 79.01 25.83 57.87 Third 2.80 2.50 1.90 3.70 3.90 6.20 10.71 32.14 -32.14 -39.29 -121.4 4.76 26.57 9.15 7.63 2.82 15.86 26.90 9.10 35.57 30.47 25.65 Storey Shears (kN) First 5.802 3.583 3.062 3.418 3.565 3.607 38.25 47.24 41.10 38.57 37.84 11.376 7.184 5.836 7.896 7.994 8.080 36.85 48.69 30.59 29.73 28.98 Second 4.673 2.813 2.692 3.004 3.091 3.102 39.80 42.40 35.72 33.86 33.62 8.858 5.407 4.689 5.878 6.330 6.483 38.96 47.07 33.65 28.55 26.82 Third 2.646 1.537 1.954 2.115 2.161 2.179 41.90 26.14 20.07 18.34 17.65 5.030 3.644 3.633 4.792 4.863 4.963 27.56 27.78 4.74 3.33 1.33
WOD
SUMMARY
1. Based on the experimental studies reported with regard to the dynamic response of the MR damper, namely, force-velocity relationship it is inferred that it behaves as a nonlinear viscous damper at different current inputs. 2. A 3-storey SMRF model was fabricated to carry out experimental studies. The MR damper with upper toggle brace mechanism is incorporated in a 3-Storey SMRF. 3. The damping ratio obtained from experimental studies varies from 0.07 to 0.13 only, and for majority of the cases the average value may be taken as 0.085. However, theoretical expectation showed significant variation in damping ratio with input current. Hence it is clear that individual performance as a damper, and in a structural scheme where-in there are other sub assemblies also could have an effect on efficiency of the damper performance. This may be resolved only through further experimentation. 4. In order to study the efficacy of provision of MR damper, the 3-Storey SMRF with damper assembly is also excited using two time history signals, exc1 and exc2. 5. From experimental studies it has been demonstrated that the MR dampers are effective in improving the performance of the building. The reduction in maximum displacement, storey drift, acceleration and base shear shows the effectiveness of dampers used with upper toggle brace configuration. 6. The results show that provision of MR dampers with upper toggle bracing mechanism would act as vibration control device by dissipating energy at floor level where they are placed and controls the vibration levels of floors above.