EFFECT OF MUSCLE EXERCISE ON METABOLISM

By Doaa Samy

Effect of muscle exercise on metabolism Heavy muscular exercise is by far the most extreme stress to which the body is exposed. It increases the body metabolism up to 10 times the basal metabolic rate and even 20 folds in well trained athletes.

3 SYSTEMS
1- phosphagen (ATPPC ) system 2- glycogen - lactic acid system 3- aerobic system

SEVERAL METABOLIC SYSTEMS SUPPLY ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION. They differ according to: the intensity of the exercise, its duration type of diet eaten by the person before the period of exercise. A person on a highcarbohydrate diet stores far more glycogen in muscles than a person on either a mixed diet or a high-fat diet. Therefore, muscle performance is greatly enhanced by a highcarbohydrate diet.

SYSTEM

WHEN SYSTEM IS WORKING AT MAX.

8-10 seconds 1.3-1.6 mins UNLIMITED

phosphagen (ATPPC ) system glycogen -lactic acid system aerobic system

ATP

Creatine phosphate (CrP)

Abo treika uses his phosphagen system to kick the ball

In weight lifting we use the phosphagen system

ATP

ATP

ADP

AMP

12 Kcal

12 Kcal

ATP is the basic source of energy for muscle contraction Its amount in the muscle is sufficient to sustain maximal muscle power for about 3 seconds only.

Creatine phosphate (CrP)

CrP + ADP

ATP + Cr

CrP is 3-8 times as abundant as ATP The amount of energy obtained from hydrolysis of CrP (13Kcal/mole) is more than the energy required to form ATP from ADP(12Kcal/mole)

glucose

glycolysis does not require oxygen

2 ADP + 2 Pi

2 ATP

pyruvic acid

in absence of oxygen pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid.

lactic acid

It is used when large amounts of ATP are required for short to moderate periods of muscle contraction as during 100 meters swim.

He uses his anaerobic lactic acid system

Anaerobic system is how sprinters produce the energy that is used in short periods of - high intensity exercise. Oxygen cannot reach the muscles fast enough, so anaerobic respiration is used. Glucose Produces

Anaerobic Respiration is how sprinters produce the energy that is used in short periods of - high intensity exercise. Oxygen cannot reach the muscles fast enough, so anaerobic respiration is used. Glucose produces

energy

Lactic acid quickly builds up & makes the muscles feel tired & painful. All out effort cannot last for very long!

Some is used for muscle contractions, creating movement. The rest is converted into heat to warm the body.

The release of energy from the breakdown of food stuffs

(glucose, fatty acids and amino acids) in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy

Although the aerobic system is slower than the other 2 systems, it enables the muscle to contract for an unlimited time, as long as nutrients last

glucose

2 ADP + 2 Pi = 2 ATP
pyruvic acid

36 ADP + 36 Pi = 36 ATP
carbon dioxide + water

The energy to perform longterm exercise comes primarily from the aerobic system as running a marathon.

Aerobic respiration is how marathon runners produce the energy that is used in long periods of less intensive effort. Some is used for muscle contractions, creating movement.

Glucose and oxygen produce

Aerobic respiration is how marathon runners produce the energy that is used in long periods of less intensive effort. Some is used for muscle contractions, creating movement.

Glucose and oxygen produce

The rest is converted into heat to warm the body.

Water, which is Carbon dioxide, carried away by the which is carried blood and excreted away by the blood through the lungs, & excreted through sweat and urine. the lungs.

We have 2 liters of oxygen stores in our body

0.5 liter in the air of the lung 0.25 liter dissolved in the body fluids 1 liter combined with hemoglobin 0.3 liter combined with myoglobin

Oxygen Debt
Question: How do sprinters pay back their oxygen debt at the end of a race?

Answer: Sprinters will continue to breathe more deeply and rapidly for a number of minutes at the end of their race. This will enable them to pay back the oxygen debt.

= excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

It is the extra consumption of O2 after completion of severe exercise

OXYGEN DEBT

OXYGEN DEBT AFTER HEAVY EXERCISE

= excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

O2 debt = O2 consumption during recovery - O2 consumption during equal period of rest

EXCESS OXYGEN UPTAKE DURING RECOVERY IS USED FOR:

to reconvert accumulated lactic acid back into glucose(Cori cycle). restoration of ATP & PCr depleted during exercise, small portion to reload muscle myoglobin & hemoglobin with O2. To raise the concentration of O2 in the lungs to its normal levels and to restore O2 in body fluids.

QUESTION S

1- Which one of the following statements is true about aerobic system:

A-It produces energy faster than phosphagen system. B-It releases a large amount of energy for unlimited time. C-It depends mainly on ATP splitting to give energy. D- accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle fatigue.

2- During marathon race, energy is mainly derived from:

A- Adenosine triphosphate. B- Creatine phosphate. C- Oxidation of circulating glucose or fatty acids. D- anaerobic-lactic acid system.

3- During 50 meters dash, sprinters obtain energy from:

A- Splitting of glycogen stored in muscles. B- Oxidation of food stuffs. C- anaerobic-lactic acid system. D- Phosphagen system.

4- The greatest oxygen store in the body is in: A- body fluids. B- blood haemoglobin. C- lungs. D- myoglobin.

5-The energy produced by creatine phosphate splitting:

A-Is less than that produced by splitting of ATP. B-Can maintain maximum muscle contraction for about 3 minutes. C-Is used to reform ATP D-Is the main source of energy utilized in 100ms swimming.

6- oxygen debt is:

A- the amount of oxygen utilized during maximum exercise. B- the extra-consumption of oxygen after completion of severe exercise. C- the amount of oxygen stored in the body. D- always equal to the normal requirements.

7- Extra-consumption of oxygen after exercise is used for all the following except : a) Restoring O2 concentration in body fluids b) Reconverting lactic acid back to glucose c) washing the accumulated CO2 d) Reforming ATP and CrP.

8- O2 debt is calculated as:

A- O2 consumption from the onset till the end of exercise B- O2 consumption in the next hour following exercise C- oxygen consumption during recovery - Oxygen consumption during an equal period of rest. D- oxygen consumption after exercise until the basal consumption is reached

9- Muscle performance is best after consuming

A- high carbohydrate diet. B- high fat diet C- high protein diet D- mixed diet

10-Energy expenditure during exercise:

A- depends on the amount of fat in the body B- is greater in females than males. C- increases up to 5 folds the basal metabolic rate in athletes. D- is the highest during walking upstairs.

ANSWERS

1- Which one of the following statements is true about aerobic system:

A-It produces energy faster than phosphagen system. B-It releases a large amount of energy for unlimited time. C-It depends mainly on ATP splitting to give energy. D- accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle fatigue.

2- During marathon race, energy is mainly derived from:

A- Adenosine triphosphate. B- Creatine phosphate. C- Oxidation of circulating glucose or fatty acids. D- anaerobic-lactic acid system.

3- During 50 meters dash, sprinters obtain energy from:

A- Splitting of glycogen stored in muscles. B- Oxidation of food stuffs. C- anaerobic-lactic acid system. D- Phosphagen system.

4- The greatest oxygen store in the body is in: A- body fluids. B- blood haemoglobin. C- lungs. D- myoglobin.

5-The energy produced by creatine phosphate splitting:

A-Is less than that produced by splitting of ATP. B-Can maintain maximum muscle contraction for about 3 minutes. C-Is used to reform ATP D-Is the main source of energy utilized in 100ms swimming.

6- oxygen debt is:

A- the amount of oxygen utilized during maximum exercise. B- the extra-consumption of oxygen after completion of severe exercise. C- the amount of oxygen stored in the body. D- always equal to the normal requirements.

7- Extra-consumption of oxygen after exercise is used for all the following except : A) restoring O2 concentration in body fluids B) reconverting lactic acid back to glucose C) washing the accumulated CO2 D) reforming ATP and CrP.

8- O2 debt is calculated as:

A- O2 consumption from the onset till the end of exercise B- O2 consumption in the next hour following exercise C- oxygen consumption during recovery - Oxygen consumption during an equal period of rest. D- oxygen consumption after exercise until the basal consumption is reached

9- Muscle performance is best after consuming

A- high carbohydrate diet. B- high fat diet C- high protein diet D- mixed diet

10-Energy expenditure during exercise:

A- depends on the amount of fat in the body B- is greater in females than males. C- increases up to 5 folds the basal metabolic rate in athletes. D- is the highest during walking upstairs.