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LECTURE NOTES (WEEK THREE) LEARNING OUTCOME Be able to implement a project ASSESSMENT CRITERIA Implement a project in accordance with an agreed specification Develop appropriate measures to monitor and evaluate progress and outcomes Monitor the implementation of a project Evaluate the outcomes of a project Make justified recommendations for improvements to the project.
Project Implementation
Project implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan to develop a project. Implementation is the action that must follow any preliminary thinking in order for a project to be accomplished. In project implementation or project execution, we put it all together. Project planning is complete, as detailed as possible, yet providing enough flexibility for necessary changes. In a customer-contractor relationship, the contract is signed.
The development of the project implementation schedule refers to the following two statements: 1. The schedule creates a framework for the whole project implementation plan and facilitates creation of the work breakdown structure (WBS) by placing the related activities, tasks and responsibilities on timeline. 2. The schedule outlines the project phases and their overlaps and shows them on the common projects timeline.
In the project implementation schedule, the following information (the key components) should be provided in a clear and easy-to-read format: Number and brief descriptions of project phases. A project phase is a manageable portion of work that is accurately defined and measured by a deliverable and time-frame. The deliverables set being archived within each project phase Major activities for each deliverable Key milestones. The way to audit and control implementation of each project phase is to define check points to be conducted on a regular basis during the implementation process.
Responsibilities and assignments. Completion of each project phase requires allocation of responsibilities. The project manager should set employee responsibilities and assignment per project phase and also define who is responsible for and assigned to the delivery of the major activities within each project phase. Dependencies. A dependency is a measure of interaction between two or more project phases that identifies how one project phase exerts influence on other phases.
Project implementation is a Process Managing a project is a process (i.e. a series of actions or steps taken to achieve an end). It consists of orderly steps that if carried out properly will: a) Maximise resources b) Ensure effective communication among project personnel and the projects clients c) Contain enough flexibility to handle the unexpected bumps along the way. In fact, one of the biggest detriments of the success of a project is how effectively the project manager carries out this process of project implementation.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What is the time-frame for project completion? What is the project budget? Who will be involved in completing the project along with assigned tasks? What methods will be used to complete the project? How will project uncertainties be met? Step 4: communicate job responsibilities among team members Step 5: Make sure a system is in place to monitor progress
Step 6: Document project information. Easy to understand and accurate documentation helps to ensure that all parties involved are clear about the projects goals, the time-frame for project completion, the task agenda and the budget throughout the duration of the project. Step 7: Communicate with upper management and project clients. Aside from regular meetings with team members, the project manager is also responsible for ensuring that supervisors and/or clients are kept well-informed throughout the projects progress. Step 8: Project management reports.
2. Measuring Progress
Milestone Analysis
Milestones are events or stages of the project that represent a significant accomplishment.
Milestones show completion of important steps signal the team and suppliers can motivate the team offer reevaluation points help coordinate schedules identify key review gates delineate work packages
Leadership Factor During Project Implementation Leadership is: The ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals. Project management is leader intensive!
Execution
Acquiring Resources
Project are under funded for a variety of reasons: vague goals no sponsor requirements understated insufficient funds distrust between managers
Identify Necessary Skills Identify People With Skills Talk to Potential Team Members Negotiate with Their Supervisor
Poorly developed or unclear goals Poorly defined project team roles &
interdependencies Lack of project team motivation Poor communication Poor leadership Turnover among project team members Dysfunctional behavior
Categories
Views
Traditional Behavioral
Sources of Conflict
Organizational
Reward systems Scarce resources Interpersonal Faulty attributions Uncertainty Differentiation Faulty
Conflict Resolution
Mediate defusion/confrontation Arbitrate judgment Control cool down period Accept unmanageable Eliminate transfer Conflict is often evidence of progress!
Closeout Paperwork
Early Termination Decision Rules Costs exceed business benefits Failure to meet strategic fit criteria Deadlines continue to be missed Technology evolves beyond the
projects scope
Emotional
Intellectual
Staff
Client
Internal
External
Standard litigation