Topics covered Old telephone network (PSTN)

Packet switching (more bandwidth utilization ) NGN brief Railtel NGN architecture Primary NOC & Media gateway connectivity diagram Kind of TDM traffic (CAS/PRI/ SS7) Basic component involving in NGN. Media gateway functions Control switch functions Working of control switch 8 element Call scenario in NGN-(Signaling MSG of SS7) Call set up example (Typical call flow)

(PSTN) Public switching telephone Network

Old Telephone System

The Basic Component of PSTN Network Architecture

1 Manual switch board 2 Automated Telephone Exchange 3 Using dedicated Circuit switch technology

PSTN circuit switching

A circuit switching network is one that establishes a circuit (or channel between nodes and terminals before the users may Communicate, as if the nodes were physically connected with an electrical circuit. Each circuit cannot be used by other callers until the circuit is released and a new connection is set up. Even if no actual communication is taking place in a dedicated circuit that channel remains unavailable to other users. Channels that are available for new calls to be set up are said to be idle.

Circuit switching (waste of channel bandwidth )

Listing channel

Circuit switching will make a dedicated path

$ Advantages of Circuit Switching:

1 Once the circuit has been set up, communication is fast and without error. 2 It is highly reliable

$ Disadvantages:
1 Waists a lot of bandwidth, especial in speech whereby a user is sometimes listening, and not talking. 2 Channel set up may take longer

PSTN
(Old technology)
JUMP

NGN
(New technology)

NGN /NLD (Next Generation Network)

1.NGN Definition
A Next Generation Network is a

*Packet-Switching Based Network over

an IP Environment to provide us Better Telecommunication Services with an huge interconnectivity network consists of different Telecom service Provider .

* Packet-Switching over an IP Environment

Packet switching means breaking data in chunks and wraps the chunks in to structures called packet. Each packet contains, along with the data load, information about the IP address of the source and the destination nodes, sequence numbers and some other control information. A packet can also be called a segment or datagram. Once they reach their destination, the packets are reassembled to make up the original data again.

Packet switching (save channel bandwidth (bandwidth by Suppressing blank listening channel)

Listing channel

Using Codec G.729

Railtel NGN Architecture

Basic Component Involving in Railtel NLD Networks

Media gateway I Gate 4000 Edge -18 Nos.
Media gateway I Gate 4000 Pro -2 nos Control soft switch Primary / Secondary.

Nortel 5500 series layer 3 switch for LAN

( 48PORT).

u New Delhi (Primary NOC Location)

New Delhi Primary Noc Location Connectivity Diagram

Management PC Billing server NMS Server Soft switches

Nortel Switch 5510/48 Port M

RCIL
POP at Operator MSC For E1 Conn.

2 Port Ethernet Conn. With RCIL Router Main & Redundant Path M R

I Gate Edge 16E1/DLI RCIL STM Cloud

E1 cable connectivity

RCIL Router RailTel MPLS Cloud

RCIL STM/ DLI

RCI L DDF

u (Major/Minor MG Location)

Minor/Major MG connectivity Diagram Port Ethernet Conn. 2

E1 cable connectivity RCIL DDF

I Gate Major /Minor

With RCIL Router Main & Redundant Path M R R M

RailTel Router

I Gate Edge
RCIL STM RCIL STM Clou d RCIL POP at
Operator MSC For E1 Conn.

I Gate Pro

RailTel MPLS Cloud

u
Technology in NGN

TDM traffic Time Division Multiplexing

TDM - Time Division Multiplexing E1/T1 Time Division Multiplexing is a technique where a short time sample of each channel is inserted into the multiplexed data stream. Each channel is sampled in turn, and then the sequence is repeated.

TDM Signaling
1 . CAS (Channel associated Signaling)

2. PRI (Primary Rate Interface)

3 . SS7 (Signaling System No 7)

CAS

1,2,3,4 -------

---------29,30,31,32

PRI
1,2,3 -------

S 16 -----29,30,31,32

SS7

E1 E2 E3

1,2,3,4 -------------

29,30,31,32

Media Gateway Working

I-Gate 4000 EDGE/ PRO
IP TRAFFIC
TDM SWITCH/TDM Traffic

M S C

IP TRAFFIC IP RTP/RTCP / T.38

E1 / DS1 / DS3 / STM1

Conversion of TDM to IP traffic

Advantage Of Using Media Gateway

Full non-blocking TDM and IP switching capability. Significant bandwidth reduction and call performance even at maximal capacity. It provides High voice quality over new generation switching networks by using of different voice analysis codec.. Unique Packet Priority Selection mechanism to avoid network congestion impairments TG wise

I-GATE 4000 EDGE

It supports 16 E1s from TDM Traffic at a time. Unique packet priority selection mechanism. High call completion rate with DTMF Detection. Low operating cost. High quality echo cancellation.

I-GATE 4000 PRO

It supports 72 E1s from TDM Traffic at a time.

It enables carriers to bridge the gap between circuit switched and next generation packet network by delivering voice quality that is equal to PSTN standard.

Soft Switch
Control switch is an centralized controlling unit of complete NLD network . It is performing and handling all basic operation and function of NLD network . Call control Routing decisions Signaling gateway Media device control Back office functions (e.g. billing) Network resources management

Element Used In Soft Switch

Element Management System (EMS) Call Control Element (CCE) IP Control Element (ICE) Service Execution Element (SSE) Policy element (PE) Event Controller (EC) Sigtran Signaling Element (SSE) CDR Manager (CM)

ControlSwitch 8 key components

EMS
Element Management System

CDRE
Call Detail Record Generator Element

EC
Event Collector Element

PE
Policy Server Element

SG
Signaling Gateway

ICE SEE
Service Execution Element IP Call Control Element

CCE
Call Control Element

Element Management System

The EMS supports multiple aspects of system monitoring, including real-time alarms, call tracing and diagnostics, performance statistics and traffic reports and browsing of Call Detail Records stored in the CDR Manager. At the provisioning level, the EMS sets up and initializes all of the components in a Control Switch system, including the CCE, SG, PE, EC, and CDRE. The EMS user interface is a Web browser-based GUI.

Call Control Element

CCEs primary responsibilities fall into the following categoriesDifferent the call type ,what kind of signalling used in whether PRI/SIP/CAS Protocol Processing. Protocol mediation between network facing protocols (MGCP(Creation deletion ,modification ,request Response.) and the internal generic call processing protocol. Resource Management (TGs, channels, gateways, etc.)

IP Call Element
Protocol mediation between different IP networks such as SIP (Session initiation protocol). Creat a SIP proxy server and all other client to that SIP.

Policy Element
The Policy Element (PE) is a generic policy engine (Routing ,plan & polices treatment allowing0 it to be leveraged for service association and network policy administration.

Service Execution Element

The SEE allows the Control Switch to support a completely programmable services model. Integrated services include; (Addressing info of called party ,called party use to query with policy element) Re-Routing capability Account Codes Advanced Services like Collect Call, Tariff Announcements, Post paid dialing.

Events Collector
The Events Collector is responsible for collection and storage of billing and call-related events from the various Control Switch elements. These events are received by the EC from Control Switch CCE/ICE elements.

CDR Manager
The CDR Manager is responsible for the Control Switch billing and data analysis functions. The CDR Element handles the billing data formatting and transporting functions. It has fields like Ingress Trunk group, Egress Trunk Group , call start time, end time and call status etc.

Sigtran Signaling Element

It will carry the SS7 signalling over IP The SSE implements and manages M3UA that is MTP3UA message transport protocol 3 user adaptation layer See one thing is pay load other is signaling related to that pay load .so when payload transmit ,signaling also ,so transmitting signaling over network is via M3UA which is encapsulated in SCTP stream control transmitting protocol .

ControlSwitch Block Diagram

EMS EC
Event Collector

Oracle

Element Management System

Management
Oracle

CDR

Call Detail Record Element

PE
Policy Server Element

SEE
Service Execution Element

Policies and Service Logic

SG
Policy Server Element

Control Logic ICE

IP Call Control Element

CCE
Call Control Element

u Call scenario in NGN

Making a call
There are 4 Basic Messages in SS7 for placing a call
1. Initial Address Message (IAM) Describes the address that is being called (called party, calling party, type of call etc) 2. Address Complete Message (ACM) Tells the calling switch that the call request has been received and routed. ` This is sent by the far end switch. ` Bearer path is setup and far end sends ring back. 3. Answer Message (ANM) Completes call setup. ` 2-way voice path is created 4. Release (REL) Tears down the call

ControlSwitch Block Diagram

PE EC CDRM
Billing

4. Route Event Request 3. Call Service Request 2. SS7_SetupRequest

SGW CCE SEE
ICEs CCEs

5. Route Event Response

6. Call Service Response 7. Event Indication 8. Release Indication

1. IAM
NE Switch NE MG
RTP

FE MG

FE Switch

H.323 / SIP GW

RTP/RTCP
Real Time Protocol (RTP) - Protocol for transmitting real time, delay sensitive data streams


Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) Manages RTP sessions and monitors quality
 

When an RTP session is created, an RTCP session is created inherently RTCP statistics can be used to derive voice quality on an IP connection RTCP is sent every 5 seconds If 5 consecutive RTCP messages arent arriving to the MG Packet loss

Making a call Typical Call Flow

Signaling Signaling

25-25-25

Bearer Trunks CIC 100-200

22-28-24

Caller
Dial IAM ACM RingBack Ringing Answer ANM

Called

2 way speech path Hang Up REL Hang Up

-Thank you-