Chapter 9 EIGRP Part 1 of 2

CIS 82 Routing Protocols and Concepts Rick Graziani Cabrillo College graziani@cabrillo.edu Last Updated: 4/20/2009

Note
 My web site is www.cabrillo.edu/~rgraziani.  For access to these PowerPoint presentations and other materials, please email me at graziani@cabrillo.edu.  See notes section for additional information.

For further information

 This presentation is an overview of what is covered in the curriculum/book.  For further explanation and details, please read the chapter/curriculum.  Book:  Routing Protocols and Concepts  By Rick Graziani and Allan Johnson  ISBN: 1-58713-206-0  ISBN-13: 978-58713206-3

Topics
 Introduction to EIGRP  EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol  EIGRP Message Format  Protocol-Dependent Modules  RTP and EIGRP Packet Types  Hello Protocol  EIGRP Bounded Updates  DUAL: An Introduction  Administrative Distance  Authentication  Basic EIGRP Configuration  EIGRP Network Topology  Autonomous Systems and Process IDs  The router eigrp Command  The network Command  Verifying EIGRP  Examining the Routing Table  EIGRP Metric Calculation  EIGRP Composite Metric and the K Values  EIGRP Metrics  Using the bandwidth Command  Calculating the EIGRP Metric  DUAL  DUAL Concepts  Successor and Feasible Distance  Feasible Successors, Feasibility Condition, and Reported Distance  Topology Table: Successor and Feasible Successor  Topology Table: No Feasible Successor  Finite State Machine  More EIGRP Configurations  The Null0 Summary Route  Disabling Automatic Summarization  Manual Summarization  EIGRP Default Route  Fine-Tuning EIGRP

Introduction to EIGRP
 EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol  EIGRP Message Format  Protocol-Dependent Modules  RTP and EIGRP Packet Types  Hello Protocol  EIGRP Bounded Updates  DUAL: An Introduction  Administrative Distance  Authentication

Introduction to EIGRP

 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)  Distance vector  Classless routing protocol  Released in 1992 with Cisco IOS Software Release 9.21.  Enhancement of Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP).  Both are Cisco proprietary  Operate only on Cisco routers.

Introduction to EIGRP

 The term hybrid routing protocol is sometimes used to define EIGRP.  Misleading, not a hybrid between distance vector and link-state  Solely a distance vector routing protocol.

Introduction to EIGRP

EIGRP Message Format

EIGRP Message Format

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EIGRP TLV Message Format

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IP Internal Routes TLV

 MTU is not a metric used by EIGRP.  The MTU is included in the routing updates, but it is not used to determine the routing metric.

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IP External Routes TLV

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ProtocolDependent Modules

 EIGRP uses protocol-dependent modules (PDM). to route different protocols, including:  IP  Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)  AppleTalk,  PDMs are responsible for the specific routing tasks for each network layer protocol.

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RTP and EIGRP Packet Types

 Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)  Delivery and reception of EIGRP packets.  Cannot use the services of UDP or TCP  RTP includes both reliable delivery and unreliable delivery of EIGRP packets:  Reliable RTP requires an acknowledgment (like TCP).  Unreliable RTP does not require an acknowledgment (like UDP).

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EIGRP Packet Types Hello Packet

 Hello packets are used by EIGRP to:  Discover neighbors  Form adjacencies with those neighbors  EIGRP hello packets:  Multicasts  Unreliable delivery

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EIGRP Packet Types Update and Acknowledgement Packets

EIGRP uses triggered updates

 Update Packets  Contains only the routing information needed (a change occurs)  Sent only to those routers that require it.  Uses reliable delivery.  Acknowledgment (ACK) Packets  Sent when reliable delivery is used (update, query, and reply packets).  Unreliable unicast.
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EIGRP Packet Types Query and Reply Packets

Why Query? Another router could be attached to the same LAN.

 Used by DUAL when searching for networks and other tasks.  Queries and replies use reliable delivery.  DUAL is discussed in a later section.

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Hello Protocol

 Before any EIGRP packets can be exchanged between routers, EIGRP must first discover its neighbors.  EIGRP routers discover neighbors and establish adjacencies with neighbor routers using the hello packet.

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Hello Protocol

 An EIGRP router assumes that as long as it is receiving hello packets from a neighbor, the neighbor and its routes remain viable.

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Hello Protocol

 Hold time - maximum time the router should wait to receive the next hello before declaring that neighbor as unreachable.  Default hold time - 3 times the hello interval  If the hold time expires:  EIGRP declares the route as down  DUAL searches for a new path in the topology table or by sending out queries.  More later.
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EIGRP Bounded Updates

 EIGRP uses the terms partial and bounded when referring to its update packets.  EIGRP sends its updates only when the metric for a route changes.  Partial - update only includes information about the route changes.  Bounded - propagation of partial updates sent only to those routers that are affected by the change.  This minimizes the bandwidth required to send EIGRP packets.
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DUAL: An Introduction

J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves

 Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) is the convergence algorithm used by EIGRP.  First proposed by E. W. Dijkstra and C. S. Scholten.  The most prominent work with DUAL has been done by J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves.  Distance vector routing protocols such as RIP prevent routing loops with hold-down timers and split horizon.  Although EIGRP uses both of these techniques, it uses them somewhat differently; the primary way that EIGRP prevents routing loops is with the DUAL algorithm.

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DUAL: An Introduction

.
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Administrative Distance
 When compared to other interior gateway protocols (IGP), EIGRP is the most preferred by the Cisco IOS software because it has the lowest AD.  Later in this chapter, you learn how to configure EIGRP summary routes.

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Authentication

 Like other routing protocols, EIGRP can be configured for authentication.  It is good practice to authenticate transmitted routing information.  This practice ensures that routers will accept routing information only from other routers that have been configured with the same password or authentication information.  When authentication is configured on a router, the router authenticates the source of each routing update packet that it receives.  However, authentication does not encrypt the routers routing table.

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Basic EIGRP Configuration

 EIGRP Network Topology  Autonomous Systems and Process IDs  The router eigrp Command  The network Command  Verifying EIGRP  Examining the Routing Table

Topology

may not

 Download: cis82-EIGRP-A-student.pkt  Includes the addition of the ISP router.  R1 and R2 routers have subnets that are part of the 172.16.0.0/16.

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R1s running-config
hostname R1 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.252 clock rate 64000 ! interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 192.168.10.5 255.255.255.252

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R2s running-config
hostname R2 ! interface Loopback1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252 description Simulated ISP ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 192.168.10.9 255.255.255.252 clockrate 64000

 ISP router does not physically exist in our configurations.  The connection between R2 and ISP is represented with a loopback interface on Router R2.  This was done so that you only need 3 routers.

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R3s running-config
hostname R3 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.252 clockrate 64000 ! interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.252

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Autonomous Systems and Process IDs

 An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of networks under the administrative control of a single entity that presents a common routing policy to the Internet.  Described in RFC 1930.  AS numbers are assigned by IANA and its RIR.
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Autonomous Systems and Process IDs

 Who needs an autonomous system number?  ISPs  Internet backbone providers  Large institutions connecting to other entities that also have an autonomous system number.  What routing protocol is used between these providers?  Exterior gateway routing protocol BGP.  The vast majority of companies and institutions with IP networks do not need an autonomous system number because they come under the control of a larger entity such as an ISP.

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Process ID

Router(config)# router eigrp autonomous-system

Router(config)# router eigrp 1

Must be same on all routers in EIGRP routing domain

 Both EIGRP and OSPF use a process ID to represent an instance of their respective routing protocol running on the router.  EIGRP refers to autonomous-system number  Actually functions as a process ID.  1 and 65,535

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The router eigrp Command

Enable EIGRP with process ID of 1 on all three routers (R1, R2, R3).
R1(config)# router eigrp 1 R1(config-router)# R2(config)# router eigrp 1 R2(config-router)# R3(config)# router eigrp 1 R3(config-router)#

 EIGRP is enabled on all three routers using the process ID of 1.

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The network Command

Router(config-router)# network network-address R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0

 The network command in EIGRP has the same function as in other IGP routing protocols:  What does it do?  Any interface on this router that matches the network address in the network command will be enabled to send and receive EIGRP updates.  This network (or subnet) will be included in EIGRP routing updates.

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The network Command

Adjacency Configure the network command for 172.16.0.0 on R1 and R2.
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 R2(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 1: Neighbor 172.16.3.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

 The network-address is the classful network address for this interface.  R1: 172.16.0.0 includes both 172.16.1.0/24 and 172.16.3.0/30 subnets.  R2: 172.16.0.0 includes both 172.16.2.0/24 and 172.16.3.0/30 subnets.  A new adjacency happens automatically because both R1 and R2 are using the same EIGRP 1 routing process and both routers are now sending updates on the 172.16.0.0 network.

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The network Command with a Wildcard Mask

Router(config-router)# network network-address Router(config-router)# network network-address [wildcard-mask]

 Network command  Classful network address:  All interfaces on the router that belong to that classful network address will be enabled for EIGRP.  For specific interface(s), subnets,:  Use the wildcard-mask option.
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The network Command with a Wildcard Mask

255.255.255.255 - 255.255.255.252 --------------0. 0. 0. 3 Subtract the subnet mask Wildcard mask

R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 Or R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 255.255.255.252

 Think of a wildcard mask as the inverse of a subnet mask.  To calculate the inverse of the subnet mask, subtract the subnet mask from 255.255.255.255.  Some Cisco IOS software versions also let you just enter the subnet mask.

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The network Command with a Wildcard Mask

R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 Or R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 255.255.255.252 R2# show running-config <some output omitted> ! router eigrp 1 network 172.16.0.0 network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 auto-summary

 Newer Cisco IOS automatically converts the command to the wildcard mask format, as can be verified with the show runningconfig

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The network Command with a Wildcard Mask

R1(config)# router eigrp 1 R1(config-router)# passive-interface fa 0/0 R1(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 <will need other network commands as well>

 The passive-interface command should not be used with EIGRP if there is a router on the link you wish to form an adjacency with.  When the passive-interface command is configured, EIGRP stops sending hello packets on that interface.  Will not form an adjacency  Unable to send or receive routing updates.

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Network configurations
Configure the rest of network commands for R1, R2 and R3.

R1

R1(config)# router eigrp 1 R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 R1(config-router)# network 192.168.10.4 R2(config)# router eigrp 1 R2(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 R3(config)# router eigrp 1 R3(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 R3(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0
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R2

R3

Verifying EIGRP

 EIGRP routers must first establish adjacencies with their neighbors before any updates can be sent or received.  What if a neighbor is not listed:  Check the local interfaces to make sure it is activated with the show ip interface brief command.  Try pinging the IP address of the neighbor.
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Verifying EIGRP Verifying EIGRP

 What if the ping is successful and EIGRP still does not see the router as a neighbor?  Are both routers configured with the same EIGRP process ID?  Is the directly connected network included in the EIGRP network statements?  Is the passive-interface command inappropriately configured, thus preventing EIGRP hello packets on the interface?

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R1# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is eigrp 1 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates Some items to EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 make note of. EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 These will be Redistributing: eigrp 1 explained Automatic network summarization is in effect later. Automatic address summarization: 192.168.10.0/24 for FastEthernet0/0, Serial0/0/0 Summarizing with metric 2169856 172.16.0.0/16 for Serial0/0/1 Summarizing with metric 28160 Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 172.16.0.0 192.168.10.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update (this router) 90 00:03:29 192.168.10.6 90 00:02:09 Gateway Distance Last Update 172.16.3.2 90 00:02:12 Distance: internal 90 external 170

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Examining the Routing Table: R1

R1# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, <Output omitted> 192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks 192.168.10.0/24 is a summary, 00:03:50, Null0 192.168.10.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 192.168.10.8/30 [90/2681856] via 192.168.10.6,00:02:43, S0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:10:52, Null0 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.2.0/24 [90/2172416] via 172.16.3.2, 00:10:47, S0/0/0 172.16.3.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.10.6, 00:02:31, S0/0/1

D C D D C D C D

 What code is used to denote EIGRP?  EIGRP routes are denoted in the routing table with a D, which stands for DUAL.

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Examining the Routing Table: R2

R2# show ip route <Output omitted> 192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks 192.168.10.0/24 is a summary, 00:04:13, Null0 192.168.10.4/30 [90/2681856] via 192.168.10.10,00:03:05,S0/0/1 192.168.10.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:04:07, Null0 172.16.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 172.16.3.1, 00:11:11, S0/0/0 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.3.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.10.10, 00:02:54, S0/0/1

D D C D D C C C D

 Is EIGRP a classless routing protocol?  EIGRP is a classless routing protocol (includes the subnet mask in the routing update), it supports variable-length subnet masks (VLSM) and classless interdomain routing (CIDR).

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Examining the Routing Table: R3

172.16.0.0/16

R3# show ip route <Output omitted>

172.16.0.0/16

D C C D C

192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks 192.168.10.0/24 is a summary, 00:03:11, Null0 192.168.10.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 192.168.10.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 [90/2172416] via 192.168.10.5, 00:03:23, S0/0/0 [90/2172416] via 192.168.10.9, 00:03:23, S0/0/1 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

 What do you notice about EIGRP in respect to R3 receiving the 172.16.0.0/16 route?  By default, EIGRP automatically summarizes routes at the major network boundary.  Automatic summarization can be disabled with the no auto-summary command (like RIPv2) - later.

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Introducing the Null0 Summary Route

R2# show ip route <Output omitted> 192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks D 192.168.10.0/24 is a summary, 00:04:13, Null0 D 192.168.10.4/30 [90/2681856] via 192.168.10.10,00:03:05,S0/0/1 C 192.168.10.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks D 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:04:07, Null0 D 172.16.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 172.16.3.1, 00:11:11, S0/0/0 C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 172.16.3.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.10.10, 00:02:54, S0/0/1

 The 192.168.10.0/24 and 172.16.0.0/16 routes do not actually represent a path to reach the parent networks.  What would happen if a packet matches the parent route but does not match one of the level 2 child routes?  It is sent to the Null0 interface - dropped

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Introducing the Null0 Summary Route

R2# show ip route <Output omitted> 192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks D 192.168.10.0/24 is a summary, 00:04:13, Null0 D 192.168.10.4/30 [90/2681856] via 192.168.10.10,00:03:05,S0/0/1 C 192.168.10.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks D 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:04:07, Null0 D 172.16.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 172.16.3.1, 00:11:11, S0/0/0 C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 172.16.3.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.10.10, 00:02:54, S0/0/1

 EIGRP automatically includes a Null0 summary route as a child route whenever both of the following conditions exist:  There is at least one subnet that was learned via EIGRP.  Automatic summarization is enabled.  The Null0 summary route is removed when automatic summary is disabled.

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EIGRP Metric Calculation

 EIGRP Composite Metric and the K Values  EIGRP Metrics  Using the bandwidth Command  Calculating the EIGRP Metric

EIGRP Compo site Metric and the K Values

 EIGRP uses the following values in its composite metric to calculate the preferred path to a network:  Bandwidth  Delay  Reliability  Load  Note: Although MTU is included in the routing table updates, it is not a routing metric used by EIGRP or IGRP.

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The Composite Metric

 By default:  K1 and K3 are set to 1,  K2, K4, and K5 are set to 0.  The result is that only the bandwidth and delay values are used in the computation of the default composite metric.

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Verifying the K Values

R1# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is eigrp 1 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 <output omitted>

K1

K2

K3

K4

K5

 The K values on R1 are set to the default.  Changing these values to other than the default is not recommended unless the network administrator has a very good reason to do so
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Examining the Metric Values

R1# show interface serial 0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is GT96K Serial Description: Link to R2 Internet address is 172.16.3.1/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <output omitted>

 show interface command, lets you can examine the actual values used for bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load in the computation of the routing metric.  Default values:  bandwidth  delay

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Bandwidth
R1# show interface serial 0/0/0 <output omitted> MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <output omitted>

 The bandwidth metric (1544 Kbps) is a static value used by some routing protocols such as EIGRP and OSPF to calculate their routing metric.  Kilobits per second (Kbps).  Most serial interfaces use the default bandwidth value of 1544 Kbps or 1,544,000 bps (1.544 Mbps).  The value of the bandwidth might or might not reflect the actual physical bandwidth of the interface.  Modifying the bandwidth value does not change the actual bandwidth of the link.  Should reflect actual bandwidth of the link. (coming).
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Delay
R1# show interface serial 0/0/0 <output omitted> MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <output omitted>

 Delay is a measure of the time it takes for a packet to traverse a route.  Based on the type of link, or interface  Expressed in microseconds (millionths of a second).  The router does not actually track how long packets are taking to reach the destination.  Like the bandwidth value, delay is a default value that can be changed by the network administrator.

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Delay
R1# show interface serial 0/0/0 <output omitted> MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <output omitted>

 100 microseconds for Fast Ethernet interfaces.  Default value is 20,000 microseconds for serial interfaces

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Reliability Optional Metric

R1# show interface serial 0/0/0 <output omitted> MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <output omitted>

 Reliability is a measure of the probability that the link will fail or how often the link has experienced errors.  Value between 0 and 255,  1 = a minimally reliable link  255 = 100 percent reliable.  By default EIGRP does not use reliability in its metric calculation.

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Load Optional Metric

R1# show interface serial 0/0/0 <output omitted> MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <output omitted>

 Load reflects the amount of traffic using the link.  Value between 0 and 255.  A lower load value is more desirable because it indicates less load on the link.  1/255 would be a minimally loaded link.  40/255 is a link at 16 percent capacity  255/255 is a link that is 100 percent saturated  By default EIGRP does not use load in its metric calculation.

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Using the bandwidth Command

Router(config-if)# bandwidth kilobits

 Most serial links, the bandwidth metric defaults to 1544 Kbps.  Correct value for bandwidth is very important to the accuracy of routing information  bandwidth command - modifies the bandwidth metric.  no bandwidth - restores the default value.

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Using the bandwidth Command

Configure the bandwidth commands for R1, R2 and R3.
R1(config)# inter s 0/0/0 R1(config-if)# bandwidth 64 R2(config)# inter s 0/0/0 R2(config-if)# bandwidth 64 R2(config)# inter s 0/0/1 R2(config-if)# bandwidth 1024 R3(config)# inter s 0/0/1 R3(config-if)# bandwidth 1024

 Modify the bandwidth on the appropriate serial interfaces.  Be sure to modify both ends of the link.

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Verify changes
R2# show interface serial 0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PowerQUICC Serial Internet address is 172.16.3.2/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <some output omitted> R2# show interface serial 0/0/1 Serial0/0/1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PowerQUICC Serial Internet address is 192.168.10.9/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1024 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 <some output omitted>

 Verify the change using the show interface command.

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Calculating the EIGRP Metric

 Using the default values for K1 and K3, you can simplify this calculation to: slowest bandwidth (or minimum bandwidth) plus cumulative sum of all the delays -----------------------------------------------EIGRP route metric

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Calculating the EIGRP Metric

Step 1. Determine the link with the slowest bandwidth. That bandwidth is used for the (10,000,000/bandwidth) * 256 portion of the formula. Step 2. Determine the delay value for each outgoing interface on the way to the destination. Step 3. Sum the delay values and divide by 10 (sum of delay/10), and then multiply by 256 (* 256). Step 4. Add the bandwidth and sum of delay values to obtain the EIGRP metric.
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Bandwidth (10,000,000/bandwidth kbps) * 256 = 2,499,840

Slowest bandwidth

Step 1. Determine the link with the slowest bandwidth.  The Fast Ethernet 0/0 interface on R3 has a bandwidth of 100,000 Kbps, or 100 Mbps.  The serial 0/0/1 interface on R2 has a bandwidth of 1024 Kbps, or 1,024,000 bps. (Slowest)  (10,000,000/1024) * 256 = 2,499,840

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Step 2. Determine the delay value for each outgoing interface on the way to the destination.

 The serial 0/0/1 interface on R2 has a delay of 20,000 microseconds.  The Fast Ethernet 0/0 interface on R3 has a delay of 100 microseconds.
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Delay (20,000/10 + 100/10)256 = 514,560

Step 3. Sum the delay values and divide by 10 (sum of delay/10), and then multiply by 256 (* 256).  20,000/10 + 100/10 = 2,010  Multiply by 256: 2,010 * 256 = 514,560  The delay portion of the composite metric is 514,560.

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Route Metric 2,499,840 + 514,560 = 3,014,400

Slowest bandwidth

Step 4. Add the bandwidth and sum of delay values to obtain the EIGRP metric. Bandwidth 2,499,840 + Delay 514,560 = EIGRP metric of 3,014,400
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Calculating the EIGRP Metric

R2# show ip route <code output omitted> D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/3014400] via 192.168.10.10, 00:00:15, S0/0/1

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End of Part 1

Chapter 9 EIGRP Part 1 of 2

CIS 82 Routing Protocols and Concepts Rick Graziani Cabrillo College graziani@cabrillo.edu