BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BYRACHANA PANDEY

SHAILLY PANT PAWANDEEP KAUR RITIKA SARPAL UTSAV CHAUDHARY VIDUSHI JAIN

INTRODUCTION ABOUT BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE



Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the era, starting in the late sixteenth century in Italy, that took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and the absolutist state

form, It was characterized by new explorations of light and shadow and dramatic intensity Baroque architecture and its embellishments were on the one hand more accessible to the emotions and on the other hand, a visible statement of the wealth and power of the Church.
The three principal architects of this period were the sculptor Gianlorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini and the painter Pietro da Cortona

By the middle of the seventeenth century, the Baroque style had found its secular expression in the form of grand palaces, first in Francewith the Chteau de Maisons (1642) near Paris by Franois Mansartand then throughout Europe. During the seventeenth century, Baroque architecture spread through Europe and Latin America, where it was particularly promoted by the Jesuits. .
Santa Susanna: Carlo Maderno.

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE CAN INCLUDE:



In churches, broader naves and sometimes given oval forms Fragmentary or deliberately incomplete architectural elements dramatic use of light; either strong light-andshade contrasts ( [[chiaroscuro]] effects) as at the church of Weltenburg Abbey, or uniform lighting by means of several windows (e.g. church of Weingarten Abbey) opulent use of colour and ornaments (putti or figures made of wood (often gilded), plaster or stucco, marble or faux finishing) large-scale ceiling frescoes

    

an external faade often characterized by a dramatic central projection the interior is a shell for painting, sculpture and stucco (especially in the late Baroque) illusory effects like trompe l'oeil and the blending of painting and architecture pear-shaped domes in the Bavarian, Czech, Polish, and Ukrainian Baroque Marian and Holy Trinity columns erected in Catholic countries, often in thanksgiving for ending a plague

SICILIAN BAROQUE: SAN BENEDETTO IN CATANIA.

Baroque colonialism


During the Portuguese colonization of Goa, India brought about many churches with baroque architecture (Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church) Though the tendency has been to see Baroque architecture as a European phenomenon, it coincided with, and is integrally enmeshed with, the rise of European colonialism.

Rome and South Italy

 

 

The sacred architecture of the Baroque period had its beginnings in the Italian paradigm of the basilica with crossed dome and nave. One of the first Roman structures to break with the Mannerist conventions exemplified in the Ges, was the church of Santa Susanna, designed by Carlo Maderno and built in. The dynamic rhythm of columns and pilasters, central massing, and the protrusion and condensed central decoration add complexity to the structure. There is an incipient playfulness with the rules of classic design, still maintaining rigor. They had domed roofs The same emphasis on plasticity, continuity and dramatic effects is evident in the work of Pietro da Cortona, illustrated by San Luca e Santa Martina (1635) and Santa Maria della Pace (1656). The latter building, with concave wings devised to simulate a theatrical set, presses forward to fill a tiny piazza in front of it. Other Roman ensembles of the period are likewise suffused with theatricality, dominating the surrounding cityscape as a sort of theatrical environment. Probably the best known example of such an approach is trapezoidal Saint Peter's Square, which has been praised as a masterstroke of Baroque theatre

Saint Peter's Square

BAROQUE IN FRANCE


The centre of Baroque secular architecture was France, where the open three-wing layout of the palace was established as the canonical solution as early as the 16th century.

The next step in the development of European residential architecture involved the integration of the gardens in the composition of the palace,

Chteau de Maisons near Paris: Franois Mansart, 1642.

Vaux-le-Vicomte near Paris: Louis Le Vau and Andr Le Ntre, 1661.

English Baroque


Baroque aesthetics, whose influence was so potent in mid-17th century France, made little impact in England during the Protectorate and the first Restoration years

Greenwich Hospital : Sir Christopher Wren, 1694.

ROCOCO


Rococo (less commonly roccoco; pronounced also referred to as "Late Baroque" is an 18th century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly more ornate, florid, and playful. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings. It was largely supplanted by the Neoclassic style
The word Rococo is seen as a combination of the French rocaille, meaning stone, and coquilles, meaning shell, due to reliance on these objects as motifs of decoration .It may also be related to the Portuguese barroco (which refers to an irregularly shaped pearl),or Baroque style

ROCOCO STYLE

The Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo is one of the northernmost Rococo buildings

the Queluz National Palace in Portugal was one of the last Rococo buildings to be built in Europe.

The Rococo library in the Mafra National Palace, Portugal

A Rococo interior in Gatchina

: ceiling stucco

A Rococo Revival Parlor in the Metropolitan Museum of Art