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-by soujanya
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A device used to measure a physical quantity (such as temperature) and convert it into an electronic signal of some kind (e.g a voltage), without modifying the environment.
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Commonly sensed parameters are : Pressure Temperature Flow rate Radiation Chemicals Pathogens
N W S E
2 Axis Magnetic Sensor 2 Axis Accelerometer Light Intensity Sensor Humidity Sensor Pressure Sensor Temperature Sensor
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What is MEMS ?
MEMS or Micro Electro Mechanical Systems is a technique of combining Electrical and Mechanical components together on a chip, to produce a system of miniature dimensions .. By miniature, we mean dimensions less than the thickness of human hair !!!!
Nanotechnology is the technology of arranging atoms and molecules in a material. This allows to alter the properties of a material and build structures of desired features. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology makes it possible to manufacture devices 80,000 times smaller than the thickness of human hair !!
A simple analogy..
The atoms in an object can be compared to the blocks in a building game. In a building game, the blocks can be arranged to create different looking structures. Similarly, atoms can be arranged differently to produce a multitude of devices. This forms the basis of nanotechnology.
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Smaller in size Have lower power consumption More sensitive to input variations Cheaper due to mass production Less invasive than larger devices
From the figure we can see the revolution of MEMS The cost of the chip will be less than a dollar when mass production is done.
year 9
Medical 11%
Automotive 17%
Communictions 21%
Computer 26%
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Types of Sensors
Mechanical Sensors Optical Sensors Thermal Sensors Chemical and Biological Sensors
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Strain Gauges Accelerometers Gyroscopes (Rotation rate) Pressure Sensors Microphones Tactile Sensors (sensory feedback) Biological Sensors (cochlear implants)
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Accelerometers :
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Scrolling Compensated compass Gaming Wireless pedometer Image stabilization Freefall detection Health monitoring Activity monitoring Alarms Vibration monitoring
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Sensors in automobiles
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Biocavity laser Decontamination foam Smart pill Sensors for missile systems
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AUVs are unmanned underwater vehicles for real time monitoring in the oceans. AUVs can be equipped with Lab on a Chip, a set of sensors developed on a single chip, using MEMS. These Lab on a Chip devices can sense a large number of chemical pollutants simultaneously.
AUV
Lab on a Chip
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Hydrophones
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Just as microphones collect sounds in air, hydrophones are small devices that detect sounds in water. The sources of sounds in water maybe ships, earthquakes, waves or marine animals.
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These are tiny devices attached to animals like whales, sharks, dolphins etc.. Provides vital data about the animal and its surroundings A tag houses Pressure sensor(s) Temperature sensor(s) Hydrophone (sound sensor) Radio transmitter for data collection at remote locations.
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An array of MEMS sensors spread on the ocean floor could detect the presence of enemy submarines. MEMS sensors (pressure sensors, accelerometers etc.) are being used in anti-torpedo weapons on submarines and ships. MEMS sensors in torpedoes are responsible for Detonating the torpedo at the right time Hitting the target in a crowded environment Prevent any premature explosion
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CONCLUSION
MEMS promises to be an effective technique of producing sensors of high quality, at lower costs. Thus we can conclude that the MEMS can create a proactive computing world, connected computing nodes automatically, acquire and act on real-time data about a physical environment, helping to improve lives, promoting a better understanding of the world and enabling people to become more productive.
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QUERIES..
Thank u
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