Sankar NS2

Network Simulator Tutorial
Sankar.P, AP\ECE
27-1-2012
Jerusalem College of Engineering
Network Simulation
Motivation: Learn fundamentals of evaluating network performance via simulation
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Overview: fundamentals of discrete event simulation ns-2 simulation
What is simulation?
system boundary exogenous inputs to system (the environment) system under study (has deterministic rules governing its behavior) real life
observer
Program boundary
pseudo random inputs to system (models environment)

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system under study (has deterministic rules governing its behavior)

simulated life
3
observer
Why Simulation?
real-system not available, is complex/costly or dangerous (eg: space simulations, flight simulations) quickly evaluate design alternatives (eg: different system configurations) evaluate complex functions for which closed form formulas or numerical techniques not available
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Simulation: advantages/drawbacks*
advantages:
sometimes cheaper find bugs (in design) in advance generality: over analytic/numerical techniques detail: can simulate system details at arbitrary level
drawbacks:
caution: does model reflect reality large scale systems: lots of resources to simulate (especially accurately simulate) may be slow (computationally expensive 1 min real time could be hours of simulated time) art: determining right level of model complexity statistical uncertainty in results
History and Status

Columbia NEST UCB REAL ns-1 ns-2 ns-3

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100K lines of C++ 70K lines of OTcl 30K lines of test suite 20K lines of documentation
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What is NS2
Discrete event simulator A package of tools that simulates behavior of networks
Create Network Topologies Log events that happen under any load Analyze events to understand the network behavior
Wired and wireless

NS Software Structure: C++ and OTCL

Uses two languages C++ for packet-processing
per packet processing fast to run, detailed, complete control
OTCL for control

simulation setup, configuration, occasional actions fast to write and change
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OTCL and C++: Duality
Pure C++ objects
Pure OTcl objects
C++
C++/OTcl split objects
OTcl
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Extending the TCL Interpreter

OTcl: object-oriented Tcl TclCL: C++ and OTcl linkage Discrete event scheduler Data network components
Link layer and up Emulation support
Network Components TclCL OTcl Tcl C/C++ Event Scheduler
Using NS2
Problem
Result analysis
Simulation model
Modify ns
Setup/run simulation with ns
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NS2 environment
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Simulation setup
Create event scheduler (Calendar scheduling ). Turn on tracing. Create network. Setup routing and Insert errors. Create transport connection. Create traffic. Transmit application level data. Trace out the simulated output using trace file and nam view.
Simulation Configurations
Copy the implemented algorithms in to queue folder in NS2 (nsallinone2.29/ns2.29/queue). Change the default settings of the file nsdefault.tcl (nsallinone2.29/ns2.29/tcl/lib/ ns-default.tcl). Change the settings in the Makefile.in for creating object files. Configure the network using ./configure.
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Cont..
Make the new environment for simulation. Write the tcl code for create the network topology and simulation Create traffic and analyze the network using trace and verify the packet flow using network animator.
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Wired Network
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Coding(Cont)
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Coding(Cont)
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Coding(Cont)
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Network Created
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OUTPUT (FLOW 1)
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Output(Flow 2)
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Output (congestion)
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Output ( Flow 2 Stopped)
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Tracing and Monitoring

Packet tracing:
On all links: $ns trace-all [open out.tr w] On one specific link: $ns trace-queue $n0 $n1$tr
<Event> <time> <from> <to> <pkt> <size> -- <fid> <src> <dst> <seq> <attr>
+ 1 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0 - 1 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0 r 1.00234 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0
We have new trace format
Event tracing (support TCP right now)

Record event in trace file: $ns eventtrace-all E 2.267203 0 4 TCP slow_start 0 210 1
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Tracing and Monitoring-2

Visualize trace in nam
$ns namtrace-all [open test.nam w] $ns namtrace-queue $n0 $n1
Variable tracing in nam

Agent/TCP set nam_tracevar_ true $tcp tracevar srtt_ $tcp tracevar cwnd_
Monitor agent variables in nam

$ns add-agent-trace $tcp $tcp add-agent$tcp $ns monitor-agent-trace $tcp monitor-agent$tcp $srm0 tracevar cwnd_ cwnd_ $ns delete-agent-trace $tcp delete-agent$tcp
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Inserting Errors
Creating Error Module
set loss_module [new ErrorModel] $loss_module set rate_ 0.01 $loss_module unit pkt $loss_module ranvar [new RandomVariable/Uniform] $loss_module drop-target [new Agent/Null]
Inserting Error Module
$ns lossmodel $loss_module $n0 $n1
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Network Dynamics
Link failures Hooks in routing module to reflect routing changes Four models $ns rtmodel Trace <config_file> $n0 $n1 config_file> $ns rtmodel Exponential {<params>} $n0 $n1 {<params>} $ns rtmodel Deterministic {<params>} $n0 {<params>} $n1 $ns rtmodel-at <time> up|down $n0 $n1 rtmodelParameter list [<start>] <up_interval> up_interval> <down_interval> down_interval> [<finish>]
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Wireless network
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Mobile node Modules
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Cont
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Cont
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Mobile Node Diagram-DSDV
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Mobile Node Diagram-DSR
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Running a simulation scenario
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Setting up variables
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Cont
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Configuring Mobile nodes
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Configuring Movement
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Set up traffic Flow
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Set Stop Time and Start Simulation
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Trace File
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Reading Trace File
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Cont
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Cont
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Support Materials
Wireless support in ns continuously evolving Many other contributed models (not integrated into ns distribution) include: Mobiwan, GPRS, Bluehoc and blueware, CIMS etc Available from ns contributed code page at http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/nscontri buted.html Marc Greis Tutorial
Thank You
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Network Simulator Tutorial

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Overview: fundamentals of discrete event simulation ns-2 simulation

Jerusalem College of Engineering

pseudo random inputs to system (models environment)

system under study (has deterministic rules governing its behavior)

History and Status

Wired and wireless

NS Software Structure: C++ and OTCL

OTCL for control

Jerusalem College of Engineering

OTCL and C++: Duality

Pure C++ objects

Pure OTcl objects

C++/OTcl split objects

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Extending the TCL Interpreter

Network Components TclCL OTcl Tcl C/C++ Event Scheduler

Setup/run simulation with ns

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Output ( Flow 2 Stopped)

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Tracing and Monitoring

We have new trace format

Event tracing (support TCP right now)

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Tracing and Monitoring-2

Variable tracing in nam

Monitor agent variables in nam

Jerusalem College of Engineering

$ns lossmodel $loss_module $n0 $n1

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Mobile node Modules

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Mobile Node Diagram-DSDV

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Mobile Node Diagram-DSR

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Running a simulation scenario

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Configuring Mobile nodes

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Jerusalem College of Engineering

Set up traffic Flow

Jerusalem College of Engineering