Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications Short Tutorial and R&D Trends

Amjad Umar website: www.amjadumar.com Objective: Share Experience based on Industrial involvement and industrial research university teaching

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Outline
Framework for Discussion Mobile Applications (M-Business, M-Business, M-Government, MLife, Positional Apps) Platforms to Support Mobile Applications
Mobile IP Wireless middleware (WAP, iMode, J2ME, BREW, MMIT)

Wireless Networks
Wireless PANs (Sensor Networks, Bluetooth, UWB) Wireless LANs (Wi-Fi, 802.11a to n) Wireless Local Loops and Free Space Optics Cellular networks: from 1 to 5G Networks Satellite communications and Deep Space Networking

Security, Integration, and Management Issues University Course Outline

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The Jargon

M-Business, M-Government M-Commerce P-Commerce V-Commerce M-SCMs M-CRMs SMS MMS M-Portal Symbian WAP MMIT WML VXML J2ME BREW

Mobile IP MANET OMA ITU ETSI FCC Zigbee UWB FSO Bluetooth WLL DECT HomeRF Wi-Fi GPRS UMTS 802.11 802.16 802.15 WSN OFDM FEC TDMA CDMA

State of the art State of the market State of the practice

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Drivers

Framework for Discussion: The Building Blocks

Mobile Business, Government, and Life Mobile Computing Applications Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards

Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

Architectures and Integration

Wireless Security

Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops) Enablers
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Management and Support

Research and development in every building block

Mobile Computing Applications

Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of Customers Suppliers and Businesses Employees Mobile computing applications Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS) Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants
Positional commerce (p-commerce) . Voice commerce (v-commerce). Television commerce (T-Commerce)

Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal, NSCM Specialized applications Many areas of research
Location sensitive apps (E911) Wireless sensor network apps Mobile agent apps

Two views: Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications. Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications
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Research in every aspect

Supporting M-Apps: Mobile Computing Platforms

Mobile Device (Cell Phone, PDA, Pocket PC) Application Middleware Services Local Platform Services Network Transport Services Server (Web Server, eMail server, Mainframe) Application Middleware Services Local Platform Services Network Transport Services

Mobile Computing Platform

Physical Wireless Network (Antennas, Transceivers, Base Stations, Cellular Networks, 802.11 LANs, Satellites)
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Mobile Computing Platforms

Mobile operating systems - Palm OS -Windows CE - Symbian OS Mobile database managers Mobile transaction managers Utilities for mobile devices Wireless Middleware (information hiding versus Information providing) Wireless Gateways: Collection of Middleware services Mobile Application Servers Research and development in every aspect
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Wireless Web
WML WAP Gateway Content (XML/HTML) VoiceXML VoiceXML Gateway Web Server

HTML/XML

Servelet eCommerce Module

Many players - WAP -iMode -J2ME - BREW -MMIT

Industry activity - Open Mobility Alliance

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Mobile IP The Roaming in Wireless Internet World

Mobile Node A
NSP POP Home Network for A 2

Foreign Agent

NSPForeign POP

Home Agent
IP

Network for A

Network

ISP Servers Research issues: Can Mobile IP replace roaming Security issues Performance issues Copyrights: Amjad Umar

Flash OFDM Uses Mobile IP For cellular networks

WIRELESS NETWORKS
Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth, Sensors, UWB, Zigbees) Wireless LANs (802.11 family) Fixed Wireless Local loops Cellular networks
1G to 5G

Satellite systems Many Research Issues: short list Lower level issues (e.g., signaling, error correction, smart antennas) Mobile Adhoc Networks Voice over 802.11

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Wireless Networks

Wireless LANs

Wireless MANs

Wireless WANs

Personal Area Networks Example1: Bluetooth 1 Mbps, 10 Meters Other examples: wireless sensor networks, UWB

Business LANs

Wireless Local Loops (Fixed Wireless)

Cellular Networks

Satellite Systems

Paging Networks

Example1: 802.11b 11 Mbps, 100 Meters Other examples: 802.11g, HiperLAN2

Example1: LMDS 37 Mbps, 2-4 Km Example2: FSO 1.25 Gbps 1-2 KM

Example1: GSM, 9.6 Kbps, wide coverage Example2: 3G, 2 Mbps, wide coverage

Example1: Motorola Iridium up to 64 Mbps globally Example 2: Deep space communication

Example1: FLEX, 1.2 Kbps Example2: ReFLEX, 6.4Kbps

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Local Area Networks (LANs) Wired Wired LANs Ethernet (10-100 Mbps, 150 to 500 meters) Token Ring (4 -16 Mbps, 200 to 500 meters) Wireless Wireless LANs Bluetooth (1 Mbps, 10 meters) IEEE 802.11 LANs (2-11 Mbps, 100 meters)

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) Wired MANs FDDI (100 Mbps, 50 Kilometers)

Wide Area Networks (WANs) Wired WANs ATM (44 Mbps to 140 Mbps) Frame Relay (44 Mbps)

Wireless MANs wireless local loops (10 Mbps, 100 Kilometers)

Wireless WANs Current GSM systems at 9.6Kbps, future 3G systems at 2 Mbps

Research and Development issues unique to wireless Frequency allocation (efficient frequency utilization) Multiple Access (CDMA vs TDMA) Location services (Data rate versus speed of mobile devices) Error correction (e.g., Turbo codes) Signalling and encoding (PCM versus Delta code modulation) Antenna design (smart antennas)
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Wireless PANs: Home Networking

Second Floor

Printer Laptop

Main PC Internet Gateway xDSL, cable, ISDN, or other

Baby Monitor

Wireless LAN2 (Master/slave)

TV

Phone

First Floor

Laptop

Players: Bluetooth Sensor networks UWB 802.11 Zigbees HomeR/F (dead)

Wireless connection Wireless connection

= Wireless Adapter

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Bluetooth

PSTN

Access Point
Cellular Network

Wired LAN

Bluetooth Piconet (1 Mbps, 10 meters, mobile adhoc network)

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Wireless Sensor Networks

Powerful server Network of Powerful Sensors

Sensor = mote

Many R&D efforts

Network of Network of Tiny Tiny Sensors Sensors

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802.11 Family LANs

Link to Public Ethernet
C T1 or DSL D

11a, 11b, 11g 11n 11i security 11e QoS

LAN Server
Wireless LAN Cell Wireless LAN Cell

Router
X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs A, B, C, D are student laptops

Centrex

Wired Ethernet LAN

Wireless LAN Cell

X
A B

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Wireless Local Loops

Telephone LAN PBX, TV

Narrowband telephony services Broadband high-speed data service Wireless Local Loop Offerings (MMDS, LMDS) Toll Connecting Trunks

InterExchange Switch

Intertoll Trunks
Telephone

Interesting applications

Wired Local Loop

Local Control Office

Toll Connecting Trunks

InterExchange Switch

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Cell 1

Cellular Networks

Cell 2

Mobile Telephone Switching Center (MTSC) HLR VLR

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

Mobile User Cordless connection Wired connection

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Base Transceiver Station (BTS) HLR = Home Location Register VLR = Visitor Location Register

Evolution: 1G to 5G
Data Rates
2 Mbps 1 Mbps 100 Kbps 10 Kbps 1 Kbps

4-5G (10 Mbps+)

3G (144Kbps to 2Mbps) 2.5G (10-150Kbps) 2G (9.6Kbps) 1G (<1Kbps)

Research Issues Mobility vs data rate error correction Intelligent Antennas Intelligent radio 2000 2010

1980

1990 Years
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Satellite Communications

Downlink

Uplink

GEO= 35,000 km, 250 ms delay LEO = 4,000 km, 20 ms delay MEO = 10,000 km, 50 ms delay

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Research Issue:Deep Space Networking

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Other issues
Integration Security Management and support Regulations and standards Wireless Business and Industry
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Integration Vision
Home LAN (802.11) Office LAN (802.11) Wireless and Wired WAN Cellular Cell (3G) Content Provider Home LAN (Bluetooth)
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Content Provider

Web Content

Cellular Cell (GSM, GPRS)

Content Provider

Enterpris Databases e

Hotspot LAN (802.11)

Web Enterpris Databases Content e

Integration Framework
M-Business and Mobile Applications (SMS, MMS, Voice, M-commerce) Mobile Computing Platforms - Wireless Middleware (WAP, I-Mode, J2ME) - Mobile Platform Services (Mobile OS, Utilities) Provide consistent user interfaces for seamless operations. Shield the app. developers from the network heterogeneities Roaming Support through Mobile IP Network interfaces Handoffs Multirate cards

Wireless Internet and Mobile IP

Wireless Communication Networks (WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites)

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Vertical Versus Horizontal Integrations

App1 Platform1 Network1 App 2 Platform2 App1 Platform1 App2 Platform2

Network2 a). Total Vertical Integration App1 App 2

Integrated Physical Network b). Horizontal Integration at Network Level Integrated Applications Platform1 Platform2

Integrated Platform + IP Network1 Network2 c). Horizontal Integration at Platform Level

Network1 Network2 d). Horizontal Integration at Application Level

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Wireless Security The Big Picture Unique issues: - medium - mobility

Latest Security Technologies Cryptographic techniques Managing digital certificates and PKI Secure payment systems Significant research developments

External Factors Intruder/attacker/assault Threats Privacy and confidentialty laws Consumer/customer attitudes Organizational Requirements Survivability and Tolerance Requirements QoS Requiremensts Budgettary and policy restrictions

Security Solutions

IT Assets Applications and automated services Databases, files Computing platforms Middleware (e.g., web servers) Networks (hardware, routing software)

Physical Assets Humans Buildings Other corporate assets (e.g., planes, trains, and automobiles) Copyrights: Amjad Umar

User View (PIA4)

Privacy
assure privacy of information (i.e., no one other than the authorized people can see the information) in storage or transmission Integrity the integrity of information (i.e., no unauthorized modification) Authentication: identify for certain who is communicating with you Authorization (Access control): determine what access rights that person has). Accountability (Auditing): . assure that you can tell who did what when and convince yourself that the system keeps its security promises. Includes non-repudiation (NR) -- the ability to provide proof of the origin or delivery of data. NR protects the sender against a false denial by the recipient that the data has been received. Also protects the recipient against false denial by the sender that the data has been sent.. a receiver cannot say that he/she never received the data or the sender cannot say that he/she never sent any data

Availability: access to system when a user needs it

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Sample Wireless Security Technologies

SET for transaction security S/MIME and PGP for secure email Java security (sandboxes) Database security

Applications

Can use higher level services to compensate for lower layers Tradeoffs in performance and security

Middleware

SSL and TLS WAP security (WTLS) Web security (HTTPS, PICS, HTTP Headers) Proxy server security

TCP/IP

IPSEC and wirless VPN Mobile IP

Wireless Link

802.11 security (WEP) Cellular network security Satellite link security WLL and cordless link security
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Wireless Security Example Link to Public Internet

C T1 or DSL D

LAN Server
Wireless LAN Cell Wireless LAN Cell

Router and Firewall

Centrex

Fast Ethernet LAN(Backbone)

Wireless LAN Cell

1. No physical net security (server ID/PW) 2. No physical net security (server ID/PW + encryption) 3. Physical net security at APs (optional server ID/PW + encryption)

X
A B Wired Ethernet LAN

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Wireless Management and Business

STRATEGIC PLANNING Business Strategy Analysis Analyzing Business Processes and Business Workflows Mobile Application Identification and Selection.

ORGANIZING/STAFFING . Mobile Virtual Teams . Mobile Real-time Enterprises

CAPABILITY EVALUATION Wireless Infrastructure Planning Capacity Planning & Traffic Engineering Resource and Cost Estimation

MONITORING AND CONTROL Wireless fault and performance management Wireless Security and configuration management

DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT Mobile application development Wireless infrastructure development yOutsourcing the Wireless Infrastructure
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Wireless Value Chain

Wireless Network Element Providers Wireless Network Operators Middleware/ Gateway Providers Content Providers/ Aggregators Mobile Application Providers Mobile Device Builders Enterprise Wireless Users

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Reference Model

Wireless Telephone Business

Wireless Data Network Business

Wireless Management Business

Wireless Consulting Business

7. Application Wireless Telephony Applications and Services

6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport

Applications (e.g., SMS, email, Wireless Web, Mobile EC/EB)

Wireless Application and Platform Management

Systems Consulting

PSTN Routing

IP Data Network Routing Wireless Network Management Call Switching Wireless Network Consulting and Engineering Services

3. Network 2. Data Layer

Physical Network Elements

1. Physical

(Cellular networks, Wireless LANs, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

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Course Outline: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications

Legend: U: Umar, A., "Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications Sessions Session 1: Introduction and Mobile Applications U-Ch.1-Ch.2 Session 2: Wireless Web and Wireless Platforms - (U-Ch.3) Session 3: WAP, VoiceXML - (U-Ch.4) Session 4: Wireless Communication Principles (Antennas, Signals) - (U-Ch.5), (S Ch. 5-6) Session 5: Wireless Communication Technology (spread spectrum, coding and error control ) (U-Appendix B) Session 6: Wireless LANs and IEEE 802.11 (U-Ch. 6) Session 7: Mobile Adhoc Networks and WPANs (U-Ch. 6, Ch. 7) Session 8:, Bluetooth, UWB, Wireless Sensor Networks (U-Ch. 7-Ch. 10) Session 9: Cellular Networks - 2G, 2.5G, 3G (U-Ch. 8) Session 10: Fixed wireless networks and wireless local loops (U-Ch. 9) Session 11: Satellite Communications, FSO, Flash OFDM - (U-Ch. 9, Ch. 10) Session 12: Wireless Architectures and Traffic Engineering (U-Ch. 11) Session 13: Special topics - wireless security, wireless network management (U-Ch. 12, 13) Session 14-15: Student led discussion on various research and development topics (Project 3) Note: For variants of this course and additional details/instructional materials, contact me.
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Textbook: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications, A. Umar, NGE Solutions, 2004. Available through Amazon.com
Part I: Mobile Computing Applications and Platforms Chapter 1: Overview and the Big Picture Chapter 2: Mobile Computing Applications: Supporting M-Business and M-Government Chapter 3: Wireless Internet, Mobile IP, and Wireless Web Chapter 4: Mobile Computing Platforms, Middleware, and Servers Part II: Wireless Networks Chapter 5: Wireless Network Principles Chapter 6: Wireless LANs -- 802.11 and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Chapter 7: Wireless Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth, UWB, and Sensor Networks Chapter 8: Cellular Networks -- From 1G to 5G Chapter 9: Wireless Local Loops and Satellite Communications Chapter 10: Emerging Wireless Networks: UWB, FSO, MANET, and Flash OFDM Part III: Architectures, Security and Management Chapter 11: Integrated Architectures for Wireless Chapter 12: Wireless Security Chapter 13: Management and Support Issues Part IV: Appendices Appendix A: Tutorial on Network Basics Appendix B: Closer Look at Physical Wireless Communications Ebook version for instructor evaluation and instructor materials are available (contact me)

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Concluding Comments
The following framework (see figure on next page) provides a good framework for R&D trends in mobile computing and wireless communications Additional details
Email: umar@amjadumar.com Website: www.amjadumar.com

Copyrights: Amjad Umar

Framework for Discussion: The Building Blocks of Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications
Drivers Mobile Business, Government, and Life Mobile Computing Applications Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards

Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

Architectures and Integration

Wireless Security

Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops) Enablers
Copyrights: Amjad Umar

Management and Support

Research and development in every building block