The 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems

CHAPTER-1 The 8051 Microcontrollers Prepared By: Rutul Patel (EEE Dept.)

Outline
What is Microcontroller? Microcontroller VS Microprocessor Microcontrollers for embedded systems Some Embedded Products Criteria For Choosing A Microcontroller Key features of 8051 Types of ROM Types of RAM 8051 block diagram Different versions of 8051 Different 8051 chips

What is Microcontroller?
Heart = Microprocessor Blood = Data Artery = Output (purified blood) Vein = Input (unpurified blood) Heart beat = Clock frequency (Timer)

Combination of all this parts + Memory = Microcontroller

Microcontroller VS Microprocessor
Parameter RAM, ROM I/O ports Timer & serial COM port Versatility Clock speed Use Microprocessor No No No Yes In terms of GHz General purpose Microcontroller Yes Yes Yes No In terms of MHz Application specific

Microcontrollers for embedded systems

Some Embedded Products

Home appliances
Air conditioners, microwaves etc.

Security systems Camcorder Fax machine Printers Air bag Engine control ATM

Criteria For Choosing A Microcontroller

1st criterion
Speed : highest speed supported Packaging : DIP or QFP Power consumption Amount of RAM & ROM on the chip No. of I/O pins & the timers on the chip Up gradation facility Cost per unit

Cont d
2nd Criterion
Ease of developing products Availability of an assembler, debugger, a code efficient C-compiler, emulator, simulator & technical support

Cont d
Wide availability and reliable sources of the Microcontroller
The 8051 family has the largest number of diversified (multiple source) suppliers
Intel (original) Atmel Philips/Signetics AMD Infineon (formerly Siemens) Dallas Semiconductor/Maxim

Key Features Of 8051

The 8051 is an 8-bit processor
The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time

The 8051 has

16-bit address bus & 8-bit data bus 128 bytes of RAM 4K bytes of on-chip ROM ( max. 64K bytes achieved) Two timers One serial port Four I/O ports (each 8 bits wide) 6 interrupt sources

Types Of ROM
Mask Programmed ROM (MROM) :
Programmed at the factory.

Programmable ROM (PROM) :

Can be custom-programmed by the user (once) using special circuitry.

Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM) :

Can also be programmed and erased by the user using ultraviolet light and special circuitry external to the computer.

Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM) :

Can be erased and reprogrammed by special circuitry within the computer.

Types Of RAM
SRAM
stores binary bits in such a manner that the bits remain in RAM as long as power to the chip is not interrupted Requires 6 transistor to store a bit So it s a large size & lower speed memory

DRAM
requires that stored data be refreshed, or rewritten, periodically Requires 1 transistor & a capacitor to store a bit So it s a small size & higher speed memory

8051 Block Diagram

Different Versions Of 8051

Different 8051 chips

8751 microcontroller
UV-EPROM
PROM burner UV-EPROM eraser takes 20 min to erase

AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation

Flash (erase before write)
ROM burner that supports flash A separate eraser is not needed

DS89C4x0 from Dallas Semiconductor, now part of Maxim Corp.

Flash
Comes with on-chip loader, loading program to on-chip flash via PC COM port