Part

1: Eastern and Western Schism Part 2: Lutherianism Part 3: Ulrich Swingli Part 4: Calvinism

The Remote Causes

 A. Disruption of Unity  B. Clericalism

 Immediate Causes
 A. Bad Popes  B. Clerical Abuses

Martin Luther Born in November 10, 1482 God is stern and angry judge 1497- he went to Magdeburg to the school of the Brothers of the Common Life 1501- University of Erfurt- Masters Degree in Basic Philosophy

Inspiration Main idea Indulgences 95 Theses Effects

1. 2.

Nomalism and Ockhamism Romans 1:17 How do I find merciful God?

Faith is the only assurance of salvation in the Word of God. *sola fides *sola scriptura *sola gratia

He was influenced by Tetzels sermon on indulgences He made the 95 theses.

 Sent to: 1. Albrecht of Brandenburg 2. Jerome Schulz 1.

Posted in: Door of Wittenberg Cathedral

Exsurge Domine threatened Luther with excommunication if he did not recant within 60 days. December 10, 1520, Luther broke with the Church by burning the Exsurge Domine. He was excommunicated on June 3, 1521.

Born in 1484 at Wildhaus in the Toggenburg Valley. Educated in the via antiqua Influenced by Erasmian Became interested to Luther after Leizpig Disputation

Conclusion and Short Christian Introduction Differences of Lutherianism and Zwinglian reform movement

1. The abandonment of all ceremonies and benedictions 2. The removal of all images from the Churches 3. The transfer of all ecclesiastical benefices to the jurisdiction of the magistrates 4. Establishment of municipal court, assuming the function of the Episcopal marriage court.

Luther understood hoc est corpus meum (this is my body). Zwingli held that est was only significative (it means= this means my body)

John Calvin Born July 10, 1509 at Noyon, Switzerland. When Protestants were persecuted, he fled from Paris to Switzerland

Main Idea Points of View

Doctrine of Predestination- a persons eternal salvation or damnation was decided by God at creation and could not be changed

The same as Luthers Condemned papacy, clerical celibacy, and monastic vows Relied on Scriptures alone and justification of faith

 Part Part Part

1: Council of Trent 2: Vatican Council 1 3: Vatican Council 2

Started December 13, 1545 Divided into: * First Period * Second Period *Third Period

 First Period Second Period Third

Period

Opposed the Protestant sola scriptura Pari pietatis affectus Doctrine of sola gratia was answered The sacraments were defined

Reopened by Julius III Eucharist was debated The sacraments were again discussed

Debate centered on Eucharist and sacraments of Order and Marriage. The Council of Trent was the answer of the supreme magisterial office to the Protestant Reformation. Jedin

Opened in Rome on December 8, 1869 Ex cathedra Quanta Cura The council questioned papal infallibility Pastor Aeternus

First initiated by Pope John XXIII (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) Opened in October 11, 1962 Extended to Protestants and Orthodox Eastern Churches (ecumenism)

 Purposes Five Scheme Changes Made Constitutions Decrees Declarations

to open a window and let in a little fresh air so that the Church become more relevant to our modern society Major purposes: 1. To achieve the peace and unity of all Christian 2. To study how the Church could adapt itself to the rapidly changing world

The Liturgy The Churchs understanding of itself The Churchs attitude toward other Christians A renewed sense of history Increased dialogue with the modern world

Use of vernaculars were introduced Participation of the laity through spoken responses and singing The Readings of the Gospel and Epistles were given emphasis

The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (Sacrosanctum Concilium) Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum) Pastoral Constitution in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes)

Decree on the Means of Social Communications (Inter Mirifica) Decree on the Catholic Eastern Churches (Orientalium Ecclesiarum) Decree on Ecumenism (Unitatis Redintegratio) Decree on the Pastoral Office of the Bishops in the Church (Christus Dominus)

Decree on the Up-to-date Renewal of Religious Life (Perfetae Caritatis) Decree on the Training of Priests (Presbyterorum Ordinis) Decree on the Apostolate of Lay People ( Apostolicam Actuositatem)

Declaration on the Christian Education ( Gravissimum Educationis) Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions (Nosta Aetate) Declaration on Religious Liberty (Dignitatis Humanae)

Decree on the Churchs Missionary Activity (Ad Gentes Divinitus) Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests (Presbyterorum Ordinis)