Example 19.1 Calculate the support moments of the continuous beam ABC (Fig. 19.

2a) having constant flexural rigidity EI throughout, due to vertical settlement of support B = 410 m 4 4 by 5mm. Assume E = 200 GPa ; andI

Solution

There is no load on the beam and hence fixed end moments are zero. However, fixed end moments are developed due to support settlement of B by 5mm. In the AB in clockwise direction. Thus, span AB , the chord rotates by
AB

= 5 103 5
S M BA =

S M AB =

6EI AB
L AB
= 96000

AB =

620010
5

410

510

Nm = 96 kNm.
BC

(1) in the counterclockwise direction and

In the span BC , the chord rotates by

hence taken as positive. 5 103 BC = 5

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S BC

=M

S CB

6EI BC
L BC
BC

9 620010 410

3 510

= 96000 Nm = 96kNm.

(2)

Now calculate stiffness and distribution factors. K BA = EI AB

L AB

= 0.2EI

3 and K BC = EI BC

4 L BC

= 0.15EI

(3)

Note that, while calculating stiffness factor, the coefficient 4 has been dropped since only relative values are required in calculating the distribution factors. For span BC , reduced stiffness factor has been taken as support C is hinged. At B :

K =0.35EI
0.2EI 0.35EI 0.15EI 0.35EI = 0.571 = 0.429 (4)

DFBA = DFBC =

At support C :

K =0.15EI

DF

CB

= 1.0 .

Now joint moments are balanced as discussed previously by unlocking and locking each joint in succession and distributing the unbalanced moments till the joints have rotated to their final positions. The complete procedure is shown in Fig. 19.2b and also in Table 19.1.

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Table 19.1 Moment-distribution for continuous beam ABC Joint Member Stiffness factor Distribution Factor Fixd End Moments (kN.m) Balance joint C and C.O. to B Balance joint B and C.O. to A Final (kN.m) Moments A B BA 0.2EI 0.571 96.000 BC 0.15EI 0.429 -96.000 48.00 -13,704 82.296 -27.408 68.592 -20.592 -68.592 0.000 C CB 0.15EI 1.000 -96.000 96.000

96.000

Note that there is no carry over to joint C as it was left unlocked. Example 19.2 A continuous beam

ABCD

is carrying uniformly distributed load

5 kN / m

as

shown in Fig. 19.3a. Compute reactions and draw shear force and bending moment diagram due to following support settlements. Support B , 0.005m vertically downwards. Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur

Support C ,

.0100m vertically downwards.

I

Assume E = 200GPa ;

=1.3510

3 4

Solution: Assume that supports

A, B, C

and D are locked and calculate fixed end moments

due to externally applied load and support settlements. The fixed end beam moments due to externally applied loads are, F F M BA=41.67 kN.m M AB = 5100 = 41.67 kN.m; 12 F F M BC=41.67 kN.m M BC =+41.67 kN.m; F F M DC =41.67 kN.m M CD =+41.67 kN.m;

(1)

In the span AB , the chord joining joints A and B rotates in the clockwise direction as B moves vertical downwards with respect to A (see Fig. 19.3b).

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radians AB =0.0005 from its original position)

BC

(negative as chord AB' rotates in the clockwise direction

=0.0005

radians
radians
(positive as chord

CD = 0.001 direction).

C'D

rotates in the counterclockwise

Now the fixed end beam moments due to support settlements are, M
M M M
S AB

= 6EI AB L AB

AB

9 3 1.3510 (0.0005) 10 =81000 N.m =81.00 kN.m

620010

S BA S BC S CD

=81.00 kN.m S =M CB= 81.00 kN.m S =M DC=162.00 kN.m

(3)

In the next step, calculate stiffness and distribution factors. For span AB and modified stiffness factors are used as supports A and D are hinged. Stiffness factors are,

CD

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K K

BA

= 3 EI = 0.075EI; 4 10 EI = = 0.10EI ; 10
A :

K K

BC

= EI = 0.10EI 10 (4) = 3 EI = 0.075EI 4 10

CB

CD

At joint

At joint

At joint C : At jointD

K : K K : K

= 0.075EI; = 0.175EI; = 0.175EI; = 0.075EI;

DF DF DF DF

AB

= 1.0

BA

= 0.429 ; = 0.571 ;
= 1.0

DF BC = 0.571 DF
CD

CB

= 0.429

DC

The complete procedure of successively unlocking the joints, balancing them and locking them is shown in a working diagram in Fig.19.3c. In the first row, the distribution factors are entered. Then fixed end moments due to applied loads and support settlements are entered. In the first step, release joints A and D. The D are Hence balancing moments at A and -122.67 kN.m, 203.67 kN.m unbalanced moments at A and Dare 122.67 kN.m, -203.67 kN.m respectively. respectively. (Note that we are dealing with beam end moments and not joint moments). The joint moments are negative of the beam end moments. Further D unlocked as they are hinged joints. Now carry over moments leave Aand -61.34 kN.m and 101.84 kN.m to joint B and C respectively. In the next cycle, B and C. The unbalanced moment at joint Bis 100.66 kN.m balance joints ( BC is Hence balancing moment for beam BA is 43.19 100.660.429)and for BC gives a carry over 57.48 kN.m (-100.66 x 0.571). The balancing moment on moment of 26.74 kN.m to joint C . The whole procedure is shown in Fig. 19.3c D and in Table 19.2. It must be noted that there is no carryover to joints A and as they were left unlocked.

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Table 19.2 Moment-distribution for continuous beam ABCD Joint Members Stiffness factors Distribution Factors FEM due to externally applied loads FEM due to support settlements Total Balance A and D released Carry over Balance B and C Carry over Balance B and C Carry over to B and C Balance B and C C.O. to B and C Balance B and C Carry over Balance B and C Final Moments 0.000 A AB 0.075 EI 1.000 41.670 B BA 0.075 EI 0.429 -41.670 BC 0.1 EI 0.571 41.670 C CB 0.1 EI 0.571 -41.670 CD 0.075 EI 0.429 41.670 D DC 0.075 EI 1.000 -41.670

81.000

81.000

81.000

81.000

162.000 120.330

162.000 203.670 203.670

122.670 122.670

39.330

122.670

39.330

-61.335 -43.185 2.552 -57.480 -5.95 3.40 8.21 -4.69 -0.49 0.28 0.67 -0.38 66.67 -11.897 -26.740 16.410 1.70 -0.97 -2.33 1.34 0.14 -0.08 14.88

101.835 -8.94 12.33

-3.52 0.21 -0.29 -66.67

-0.73 1.01 -0.06 -14.88 0.000

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Example 19.3 Analyse the continuous beam ABCshown in Fig. 19.4a by moment-distribution method. The support 5mm below A and C . Assume EI to be B settles by 6 I =810 mm 4 constant for all members E = 200GPa ; and

Solution: Calculate fixed end beam moments due to externally applied loads assuming that support B and C are locked.
F AB F BC F BA F CB

M M

=+2 kN.m ; =+2.67 kN.m ;

M M

=2 kN.m =2.67 kN.m

(1)

In the next step calculate fixed end moments due to support settlements. In the span AB , the chord AB' rotates in the clockwise direction and in span chord B'C rotates in the counterclockwise direction (Fig. 19.4b).

BC , the

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AB

BC

510 = 3 =1.2510 4
=M
BA

510 4

=1.2510 3 radians

3 radians
AB

(2)
9

AB

6EI AB
L AB

620010 =

810

510

= 3000 Nm = 3 kNm.
MBC=M
S CB

(3)

= 3.0kN.m

In the next step, calculate stiffness and distribution factors. K K

AB

BC

K BA = 0.25EI 3 = 0.1875EI = 0.25EI 4

(4)

At joint B : K At joint C : K

= 0.4375EI;

DF BA

= 0.571 ;
= 1.0

DF BC = 0.429

= 0.1875EI;

DF CB

At fixed joint, the joint does not rotate and hence no distribution moments are developed and consequently distribution factor is equal to zero. The complete moment-distribution procedure is shown in Fig. 19.4c and Table 19.3. The diagram is self explanatory. In this particular case results are obtained in two cycles. In the first cycle joint Cis balanced and carry over moment is taken to joint B . In the next cycle , joint B is balanced and carry over moment is taken to joint A . The bending moment diagram is shown in fig. 19.4d.

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Table 19.3 Moment-distribution for continuous beam ABC Joints Member Stiffness factor Distribution Factor Fixed End Moments due to applied loads (kN.m) Fixed End Moments due to support settlements (kN.m) Total Balance joint C and C.O. Total Balance joint B and C.O. to A Final Moments (kN.m) 5.000 -1.00 4.000 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 A AB 0.25 EI 2.000 3.000 5.000 B BA 0.25 EI 0.571 -2.000 3.000 1.000 BC 0.1875 EI 0.429 2.667 -3.000 -0.333 2.835 2.502 -1.502 1.000 0.000 C CB 0.1875 EI 1.000 -2.667 -3.000 -5.667 5.667 0.000

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Summary
The moment-distribution method is applied to analyse continuous beam having support settlements. Each step in the numerical example is explained in detail. All calculations are shown at appropriate locations. The deflected shape of the continuous beam is sketched. Also, wherever required, the bending moment diagram is drawn. The numerical examples are explained with the help of freebody diagrams.

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