IR Safety Plan- Investment strategy & Safety environment

Presentation by

M.C. SRIVASTAVA Member Traffic Railway Board Indian Railways

Indian Railways
150th Year of dedicated service has grown from a mere 32 Km.to a vast network of more than 62,000 kms. has acted as a great unifying factor for the DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC LI nation with diverse geographical/ regional GHT CONTROL features. Stood up in times of national emergencies, natural disasters etc. faced many challenges with the inherent resilience of this vast organization.

Safety
Safety is the sum total of efforts of
men and management , observance of methods ( Rules, procedures & practices), Performance of machines ( materials and maintenance practices), Utilization of Funds.

Main Focus in preparing Safety Plan

HRD related activities and issues Implementation and monitoring Safety equipment and material Safety projects likely to reduce casualties Administrative decisions for utilization of Funds

Safety Plan
It is a paradigm of five MsMen Management Methods Machines Money - in that order

PERFORMANCE OF IR DURING 1950-2001

INPUTS Addition to Route Kms. Addition to Wagon Capacity Addition to Passenger Coaches Addition to Loco Tractive Effort OUTPUTS Growth of Freight Traffic Growth of Passenger Traffic 544% 435% 17% 156% 141% 124%

INDIAN RAILWAYS AN OVER VIEW KEY STATISTICS 2001-2002

ROUTE KILOMETERS TRACK KILOMETERS NO. OF LOCOMOTIVES NO. OF PASSENGER VEHICLES NO. OF WAGONS(IN FOUR WHEELERS) BG NO. OF STATIONS NO. OF PASSENGER CARRIED DAILY FREIGHT TRAFFIC (DAILY) NO. OF PASSENGER TRAINS NO. OF FREIGHT TRAINS GROSS TRAFFIC RECEIPTS(1999-00) MAN POWER (REGULAR EMPLOYEES) 62759 107969 7517 36510 459160 6867 12.6 MILLION 1.3 M. TONNES 8547 PER DAY 5401 PER DAY US $7.5Billion 1.57 Million

Strategy adopted for growth

The growth in output has been possible account of : A. Innovative operational strategy B. on

Close monitoring of productivity of assets. Adoption of multi-pronged approach of inducting appropriate and affordable technology

C.

Overview of Safety on IR During1960s, the average number of accidents/year were around 1393 . However, the average number of accidents/year came down to 866, 757 and 464 during1970s,1980s and 1990s respectively. Accidents per million train kilometers were 5.5 during 1960-61 and this has come down to 0.65 during 2000-2001.

TRAIN ACCIDENTS ON INDIAN RAILWAYS SINCE 1960-61

Year Collisions Derailments Level Fire Crossing Total in Accdts. 2131 1293 963 925 900 812 540 532 530 524 520 501 398 381 396 397 463 473 Misc 8 415 Movement of traffic Train Accidents Train Kms. per Trains (in Millions) 388.1 433.2 473.0 430.1 503.4 541.1 618.0 617.1 629.2 632.3 634.2 641.9 655.9 667.6 675.8 686.9 695.0 723.8 5.50 3.00 2.00 2.20 1.80 1.50 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.78 0.61 0.57 0.59 0.58 0.65 0.65

million Train kilometers 1960-61 1964-65 1969-70 1974-75 1979-80 1984-85 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02* 130 81 54 66 72 39 34 41 30 50 50 35 29 26 35 24 20 20 30 1415 1035 751 696 692 678 456 446 444 414 401 388 296 286 289 300 329 350 280 181 146 111 140 115 65 42 36 47 51 66 73 68 65 66 67 93 84 88 405 31 47 23 21 30 8 9 9 9 3 5 5 4 6 6 21 17 9

1600

1400

1200

1000

1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2001-02

800

600

400

200

Consequential train accidents include train accidents having serious repercussion in terms of loss of human life, human injury, loss to Railway property or interruption to Rail traffic. Collision, Fire in train, trains running into road traffic at level crossings, derailment and accidents of miscellaneous nature are included in consequential train accidents.

Consequential train accidents during the last ten years(1992-2002)

75% 16% 2% 7% Level Crossing Accidents Collisions Fire in Trains Derailments

0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 AVG collisions /million train Km. 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-01

2.5

1.5

2 .4 6

1 .4 1

1 .1 2

0.5

0 .5 5

0 .4 8

AvgDerailments /million train Km. 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-01 2001-02

Consequential Train Accidents during 1997-2002

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02

Collisions Unmanned LC

Derailments Fire in train

Manned LC Misc

Broad causes of accidents on IR Railway staff failure Equipment failure Failure of other than Railway staff Sabotage 65.67% 08.44% 17.46% 03.45%

Safety in general
Safety performance is dependant on the quality of the Human element and induction of safety related technology

Emphasis on Training and wherever possible to prevent human failure through technological inputs Emphasis on clearing the backlog of replacement of overaged assets.

Funding of safety Projects

Prior to the year 2000-2001, expenditures for track renewals, Bridge works, Signal & Telecom, Workshops, Rolling stock etc were planned under various heads and there was no special funding from safety angle. Further Road Safety Fund was created in the year 2000-2001 for building Road Over bridges and Road Under bridges.

Investment strategy
A High Power Railway Safety Review Committee was set up in 1998. One of the major recommendations were to set up a Special railway safety Fund . Apart from the normal Budgetary commitments a Special Railway Safety Funds has been set up and the same is operative since October 2001.

Special Railway Safety Fund

A non lapsable Special Railway Safety Fund (SRSF) has been set up to wipe out the arrears in renewal of over aged assets such as track, bridges, rolling stock and signalling gears etc. within a fixed time frame of 6 years.

Proposed plan under SRSF

Track Renewals Bridges Signal & Telecommunication Rolling Stock Safety Enhancement measures 45% 10.1% 18% 19% 6.7%

Initiatives Taken
Mobilization Mobilisation of resources :

raising revenue from non-traditional

sources, such as commercial utilization of land and commercial publicity.

public-private participation in various

projects planned

Renewal of Overage Assets

The following were the requirement of renewal : Arrears of Track Renewals (BG) -12,260 Kms. Distressed Bridges Overaged Signalling Gear Overaged Coaches (BG) Overaged Wagons (BG) -262 Nos. -1,560 Stations -1,322 Vehicle Units -34,000 (in terms of 4-wheeler units) As on 1.4.1999.

Funding Source for Various Categories of projects

Internal Generation Track Renewals Signalling & Telecom Bridge Works Machinery & Plant Budgetary Support New Lines Doubling Gauge Conversion Electrification Metropolitan
Some categories funded from more than one source

Market Borrowing Rolling Stock

Initiatives Taken
Investments :
rational distribution of funds for projects being undertaken in various states, within the availability of limited resources, for construction of New Lines, Doubling, Gauge Conversion and Electrification a clear and transparent formula adopted . Prioritization of safety related projects

Measures Implemented To reduce human failures, a major technical input of track circuiting in station areas has been inducted in the system. To have faster and better communication, Walkie talkie sets have been provided to drivers & Guards of all trains. Train operation during foggy and inclement weather is monitored closely to avoid any mishap. To monitor track geometry, sophisticated track recording cars, osillograph cars and portable accelerometers are used. Nearly 10,000 accident-prone four-wheeler wagons CRTs have been phased out from the system in the last two years.

Measures Under implementation.

Drivers and Guards are also being progressively provided with LED based electronic flashing lamps. To reduce dependence on human elements and to prevent collision of trains, a device block proving axle counter has been installed at 175 stations.
To detect rail fractures and weld failures double rai Ultrasonic Flaw detectors and Self Propelled Ultrasonic Rail Testing cars are being procured.

Modern simulators for training of drivers are getting installed and used in various training centers. Automatic switching ON of flasher lights of locomotives in emergencies has been planned. Level Crossing having heavy traffic density are being progressively interlocked with signals. Self propelled medical vans and accident relief trains are being introduced for faster relief during emergencies.

Trials being conducted :  A pilot project of Anti Collision Device (ACD) has been sanctioned. Trials of prototype ACD equipment have been started. Another Pilot project of ETCS (European Train Control System) being launched on trial basis on a small section.

Summary


Safety is paramount to improve operational efficiency through intensive utilization of assets. Economics is the critical factor in deciding IRs policies on technological upgradation of safety aids. More fundamental issue is to tackle the problem of replacing overaged assets and upgradation of maintenance infrastructure. Special Railway safety Fund has been set up for replacement of overaged assets for improved productivity, Safety and reliability. Emphasis on Modern Training Aids is an essential part of the human resource development programme Thus, the focus is on providing low cost and workable safety aids with emphasis on reduced human interference.

Thank you