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AFRICA&oceania

MAP OF AFRICA

INTRODUCTION
World s second largest continent and second largest population after Asia Covers an area of 30.2 million sq.km. Surrounded by Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal and the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Sinai Peninsula Consists of 54 states, accounts for about 14.72% of the world's human population

AFRICA ECONOMY:OVERVIEW
Richest countries of Africa are South Africa and Egypt GDP 3.7 percent in 2011 from 4.9 percent in 2010 Inflation-7% Africas per capita GDP is extremely low and that is why it is the poorest continent Weakest economies in Africa are Somalia and Malawi with as low as $600 and $596 per capita GDP Africa is emerging and is set to become an important global player

Africa has almost 90% of the world s cobalt, 50% of gold 90% of platinum, 70% of tantalite, 98% of chromium, 64% of manganese and 33% of uranium Foreign direct investment, one of the few ways to invest in African countries without liquid capital markets, is estimated to have fallen to $50-52 billion in 2010 from $59 billion in 2009 and a peak of $72 billion in 2008 China is Africa's largest trading partner Africa s top five emerging trade partners are now China (38 percent), India (14 percent), Korea (7.2 percent), Brazil (7.1 percent), and Turkey (6.5 percent).

GDP Growth

FDI Inflows to African Countries

CULTURE
PEOPLE-Africa is home to innumerable tribes , ethnic and social groups Art and Crafts Cuisine- The African cuisine is a combination of traditional fruits and vegetables, milk and meat products African Music- as diverse as the region's various populations Languages

DOING BUSINESS
Most difficult place to do business in the world when it comes to red tape over 40% of the region's economy is informal requires a different set of skills There is unmet demand for many goods and services Women have yet to attain senior level positions Trust on research and documentation to support claims on doing business

POLITICAL FACTORS
The government had been pursuing a number of largescale infrastructure project INCREASED GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION PROGRESSIVE LEGAL FRAME WORK FINANCIAL SYSTEM ROBUST AND WELL REGULATED Raising growth potential by further improving trade policies and regional integration

MARKET VIEW
STOCK MARKETS African stock markets showed mixed performance The largest gain of 3.5% was registered by the stock market in Ghana The market in Nigeria recorded the largest fall of 1.5%, followed by the market in Cte d Ivoire COMMODITY MARKET  The price of Brent crude oil dropped by 1.6% The price of cotton rose by 3.0% over the week,

LAND OF DIAMONDS
Africa is the world's largest producer of diamonds, producing as much as 50% of global production and . To date, Africa has produced over 75%, in value, of the world's diamonds with more than 1.9 billion carats worth an estimated $US 158 billion mined. Angola, Botswana and South Africa are leading producers of diamonds Countries such as Botswana, Namibia and South Africa offer ongoing proof that diamond revenues can create sizeable benefits to the economy in countries where they are sourced. In these countries, diamonds have contributed to funding impressive economic growth and stability.

Diamonds account for 76% of Botswana's export revenue, 45% of the government revenue and 33% of the gross domestic product (GDP). In the country of Namibia, diamonds represent approximately 10% of GDP, 40% of export revenue and 7% of the government's annual revenue. South Africa has the most diverse range of diamond deposits in the world. In southern Africa, for example, more than 38,000 people are directly employed by the diamond industry. In Botswana, the diamond industry is the country's second largest employer. And in South Africa, 28,000 people are employed in mining, sorting, valuing, cutting, polishing, jewelry retail and jewelry manufacture. These employment opportunities allow thousands of Africans to make a salary, obtain healthcare, create a better home environment, provide education for their children and much more

COUNTRIES IN FOCUS
Egypt: The state statistics agency CAPMAS announced that the year-on-year urban consumer price inflation had fallen from 11 % in October to 10.2 % in November. In contrast, the core inflation, which excludes subsidized goods and volatile items Ghana: The parliament approved an amendment to the Petroleum Revenue Management Bill that would allow up to 70% of the government's share of oil revenues Tanzania: The Government has revived plans to issue a debut sovereign Eurobond worth $500 million to finance infrastructure projects

Mauritius: The central bank kept its benchmark repo rate at 4.75 %, but several members of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) noted inflation could rise faster than previously anticipated Mozambique: The Government has estimated its 2011 budget at $3.8 billion, up from $3.4 billion in the previous year South Africa: Manufacturing output grew by 2.5% year-on-year in October, compared with the 1.3 % rise in September. Analysts said growth in manufacturing output was still weak

MAJOR RISKS
The sovereign debt crisis in Europe and the fiscal problems in the US International Food and commodity prices Political Stability and Governance Sovereign risk- : (i) contraction in official development assistance (ODA) flows from Europe, (ii) decline in trade-related tax revenues for African governments, and (iii) higher cost of borrowing on the global credit market. Other important challenges

DRIVERS TO RECOVERY
Private capital flows are also projected to increase and some African frontier markets will benefit from improved access to international bond markets The financial support from IFIs, including the Bank, also played an important role in preventing large procyclical fiscal cuts In several countries, government interventions stimulated agriculture and the overall private domestic demand greater diversity of partnerships can benefit Africa, over- specialisation on unprocessed raw materials, debt burden and good governance remain important challenges to address

Trade unions
Organization of African Trade Union Unity (OATUU)OATUU is an independent regional union federation for trade union centers in Africa. It aims to defend trade union freedom and the material, cultural and moral interests of the African working class and to enhance the policy of full employment and equitable distribution of national income, to work for the harmonization of labour legislation and collective bargaining in member countries and to assist all trade unions, especially those in countries still under colonial and foreign domination, to accelerate the total liberation of the African continent Year of Established- 1963 Global issues- Human Rights, Labour Conditions

..contd
Congress of South African Trade Unions(COSATU)
The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) was launched in December 1985 after four years of unity talks between unions opposed to apartheid and committed to a non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa. At our launch we represented less than half a million workers organised in 33 unions. We currently have more than two million workers, of whom at least 1.8 million are paid up Our main broad strategic objectives have always been: To improve material conditions of our members and of the working people as a whole. To organise the unorganised To ensure worker participation in the struggle for peace and democracy Principles COSATU believes in a democratic society free of racism, sexism and the exploitation of the working class

MAJOR MNCs IN AFRICAN MARKET


DABUR GODREJ UNILEVER PROCTER AND GAMBLE LOREAL SABMILLER SHELL BARCLAYS VODAFONE BHP BILLITON VSNL

OCEANIA

Introduction
Oceania is the name of the region consisting of island groups within the central and South Pacific Ocean. It spans over 3.3 million square miles (8.5 million sq km). Some of the countries included in Oceania are Australia, New Zealand etc. In terms of its physical geography, the islands of Oceania are often divided into four different sub-regions based on the geologic processes playing a role in their physical development. The first of these is Australia. It is separated because of its location in the middle of the Indo-Australian Plate and the fact that due to its location there was no mountain building during its development.

Contd
The second landscape category in Oceania is the islands found on the collision boundaries between the Earth's crustal plates. These are found specifically in the South Pacific. Volcanic islands such as Fiji are the third category of landscape types found in Oceania. These islands typically rise from the seafloor through hotspots in the Pacific Ocean basin. Finally, coral reef islands and atolls such as Tuvalu are the last type of landscape found in Oceania

GDP of Australia
GDP in 2010 was 2.8% GDP in 2011 was 3.2%

GDP of New Zealand


GDP in 2010 was 2.8% GDP in 2011 was 3.1%

Political factors
Australia is a safe destination for investment. The country's political and regulatory environment is stable, open and progressive, providing investors with a high degree of confidence and certainty. Australia's strength as an investment destination stems, in part, from a political system that has been assessed as being highly effective in responding to economic challenges and policy direction. The adaptability of Australian government policy to changes in the economy has been ranked in the top two countries in the region

Contd
Australia is one of the most important markets for Ericsson in the Asia-Pacific region. Australia hosts a growing economy; a stable political and business environment; a skilled, well educated and multi-lingual workforce; a strategic time-zone and a competitive cost base. These factors provide a sophisticated market and the right environment enabling Ericsson to drive innovation and technology.' (Hans Vestberg, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Head of Group Function Finance, Ericsson.)

New Zealand
New Zealand's foreign policy is oriented chiefly toward developed democratic nations and emerging Pacific economies. The country's major political parties have generally agreed on the broad outlines of foreign policy, and the current coalition government has been active in multilateral fora on issues of recurring interest to New Zealand-trade liberalization, environment, and arms control.

It also values its participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO); World Bank; International Monetary Fund (IMF); Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). New Zealand's economic involvement with Asia has been increasingly important through expanding trade with the growing economies of Asia.

Culture(Australia)
Australia is a society of people from a rich variety of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious backgrounds. Most Australians are immigrants or the descendants of immigrants who arrived during the past two centuries from more than 200 countries. Australia recognises, accepts and respects cultural diversity. According to the 2006 Census, Christianity remains dominant in Australia. Australias reputation as a vibrant, individualist nation is well illustrated through its fashion, which is characterised by a rich and colourful mix of exuberant style. here is also a new generation which takes its inspiration from Australias surf culture, graffiti, art and childhood dreams, then creates its own unique sense of style with a completely different set of rules

New zealand
New Zealand has a very unique and dynamic culture. The culture of its indigenous Maori people affects the language, the arts, and even the accents of all New Zealanders. Their place in the South Pacific, and their love of the outdoors, sport, and the arts make New Zealanders and their culture unique in the world.

Though a diverse and multicultural people, there are many qualities, including friendliness, individuality, invention and self-reliance, that you'll find in most New Zealanders. The influence of Maori, Pacific Island, European and Asian cultures makes the arts in New Zealand colourful, unique and vibrant - definitely something to look out for!

Business setup (Australia)


A person can conduct business in Australia as a sole trader, in partnership, through a Trust or a joint venture, or as a corporation. Most foreign companies conduct their business in Australia through a wholly or partly owned subsidiary company incorporated in Australia or through an Australian branch, i.e. the foreign company is registered in Australia as such. Companies in Australia are incorporated (registered) under the Corporations Act, 2001. The Act is overseen and administered by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission ("ASIC").

Contd
An Australian company is usually incorporated as either a Public Company or as a Proprietary Company. An overseas company may register itself in Australia to operate as a branch, in lieu of incorporating a wholly owned Australian subsidiary. To do so various application forms need to be lodged with ASIC and annexed to them must be certified copies of the company's current certificate of incorporation and other prescribed documents. The company must also formally establish a registered office in Australia and appoint a local resident agent.

Major MNC (Australia)


Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ) ABB AXA Coca-Cola Amatil Lifestyle Clotheslines

New zealand
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ National Bank Ltd) AMP Limited Sika

Reference
http://dataportal.afdb.org/Reports.aspx?type=DataByTopic&key=RE P_C_CBEP http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/africa/ http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE75506Z20110606 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/tz.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/index.htm Africa Emerging Issues Series.pdf http://www.austrade.gov.au/invest/why-australia/democratic-andpolitically-stable/default.aspx en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Australia http://www.asiapacifichomes.com/australia/australia.htm http://www.diamondfacts.org/index.php?option=com_content&vie w=article&id=132&Itemid=169&lang=en

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