Smart Dust

Back to future!
 

Colonies of smart ultra small size network Interaction of advances in technology

     

VLSI more condense silicon processing VLSI more silicon speed VLSI low power short range communication MEMS Micro-Electromechanical Systems MicroNetworking : Ad hoc wireless Network Distributed Processing : Operating system, Database

Wow!

Applications
  

It is a special class of sensor network Fine sensing granularity Applications :

     

Forest fire warning Enemy troop monitoring Large scale Biology or Geology Smart office spaces DefenseDefense-related sensor networks Inventory Control
4

Circulatory Net

Group of sensors inside the body

Key Features of these electronic particles



Power


Survive for extended amount of time Process Sensor Data and Communicate To Interface to the environment To glue the pieces of information
8

Computation


Sensors


Communication


What is really behind the race? Computer Science!



Ad hoc Networking
 

Dynamic Reconfigurable network Scalability

Data Fusion
 

An efficient semantic to diffuse data in the network Interpretation of multimodal sensing Network Oriented Operating Systems Data Aggregation
9

Distributed Processing
 

Come Back to Reality! COTS Dust



Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components Dust Off-The

To enable us the research about the algorithms and semantics

10

Architecture
Low Power Communication Front End 1-Acoustic 2-RF 3-Optical Computation Brain 1-MCU 2-FPGA Sensors 1-Magnetometer 2- Light 3-temperature 4-pressure 5-Hmidity 6-Acceleration

Power 1-Bat 2-Sollar 3-Vibration 4-Acoustic Noise

11

Architecture

12

Power


Power: Lithium Battery

  

Big Problem Low capacity per unit of mass and volume Needs support by sleep mechanism and low power techniques Not really so much innovation after Volta!
     

Solar Vibration Acoustic noise Thermal conversion Nuclear Reaction Fuel Cells
13

Computation
 

Computation: ATMEL91M404000 Micro Controller



Core and variety of different functions

Flash , SRAM , E2PROM  GPIO , ADC , PWM ,Comparator  Embedded serial Buses  Ex: Microcontrollers Atmel , Microchip, Motorola Microprocessors Intel Strong-Arms ,Motorola Strong

FPGA
  

Not Traditional Style Of programming



Hardware Descriptive Languages (VHDL, Verilog)

Faster , Low Power , Reconfigurable Ex: Xilix,Atmel

14

Sensors


Motion Sensing


Magnetometer


Study 3 Element of Earth Magnetic field (Compass) To measure Local vertical (tilt switch) or measure motion vectors

Accelerometer


Environmental Sensing(Weather Monitoring)



Pressure


Barometer

  

Temperature Light Humidity

15

Communication
  

Acoustic RF radio Optical

 

Passive Active

16

Acoustic Communication
     

Power Hungry High Background Noise Large Size (proportional to harmonics of sound) Fast Attenuation Curve Low communication baud rate Low power receiver


Good for event driven wake up systems

17

RF Communication


New low power techniques



Not robust (No fancy Spread Spectrum)

 

ISM Band For practical frequencies large ANT Size(~ )



It may have a tail!! MCU acts as base band controller



Only one RF front end



CRC,Encoding(Manchester),DC Balance,Header
18

RF Communication

Train Sequence Flag Byte Number OF Byte

DATA

CRC

No Addressing

19

Optical Communication


Active
 

High power laser source Transmission of modulated laser beam MEMS Corner Cube Reflector Emit modulated ambient light Extremely low power
20

Passive
  

21

Optical Vs. RF
  

Both mature technology Both Electromagnetic waves light is quiet short wavelength compared to RF


Potential of smaller sizes PeerPeer-Peer

light techniques are extremely directional



 

RF techniques can be more omni directional Directionality Brings the problem of alignment
22

Future Work
    

Design of multi hop network Autonomous network configuration Data Fusion Network Decision making Large Scale Distributed Processing

23

Links
      

http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/5269/1.html http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,27573,00.html http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,44101,00.html http://wwwhttp://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~warneke/SmartDust/ http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~glaser/Current%20Civil%20Applications.ppt http://madmax.me.berkeley.edu/%7Eshadr/overview.html

24

That is all folks!

25