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Building the Baltic grids. What needs to be done ? LitPol and SwedLit interconnections or competitive solutions. Can truly independent transmission grids can be realized ? Current challenges and future opportunities The impact of poor governance and lack of political clarity. Piotr Syryczy ski WS Atkins Polska
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Introduction
The ideas developed in the North Sea What needs to be done ? Bottlenecks on Polish side of the Baltic Sea Economy, stupid ! Destabilization of the equilibrium during next years 2800 MW through the Baltic Sea ? Competitive solutions, What can be done later ? Fast DC breakers Can truly independent transmission grids can be realized ?
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Economy, stupid!
2*900 MW Opole coal fired unit ? Vatenfall Polish assets transaction ? modernization of Dolna Odra power plant in Szczecin near the Baltic Sea ? ZE PAK and Konin mines ? Who will pay 5,6 bln Euro for land lines and 440/220 kV substations investments ?
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Competitive solutions
Competitive solutions: Five new hubs idea Hub nr 1 : 55 N, 13,3 E (Krieger s Flak) Hub nr 2 : 55 N, 15,3 E (Bornholm area) Hub nr 3 : 55,6 N, 17,7 E Hub nr 4 : 55,6 N, 20,3 E Hub nr 5 : 54,39 N, 22,87 E
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Additional ideas
Hubs and the first west-east cable through the hubs is one entity 2100 MW additional west-east cables will be built as three separated projects ( merchant cables ) Hubs number 1-4 should have the capacity to connect at least 400 MW offshore wind farms or more Baltic Grid cannot be built tomorrow. It should be slowly constructed but it can be based on a real technical program
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Fast DC breakers
The safe multi-terminal operation of such an offshore grid based on HVDC VSC technology requires fast DC breakers, which are still in the development phase at end of 2011. So far, fast DC breakers are not fully developed and multi-terminal operation is not possible. In case of an offshore grid failure the complete grid has to be deenergised, the fault has to be isolated, and only then can the offshore grid be loaded again. This can also have serious impact on the onshore grid stability due to frequency problems. Furthermore it should be highlighted that TSOs do not have any experience with multi-terminal operation based on HVDC VSC technology. Offshore Grid report, October 2011 http://www.offshoregrid.eu/
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Fast DC breakers
The statement you re quoting is partially correct. Interruption of HVDC fault currents is an extremely challenging task and the topic of research for many manufacturers and universities world-wide. In my group we re studying arcs for HVDC switchgear and try simulate the short-circuits in VSC based HVDC networks. In the moment, no commercially available HVDC circuit breaker exists that would fit for VSC networks. It is even so dramatic, that nobody is able to give the requirement specifications for these breakers. In September 2011, on the Cigre-conference in Bologna, the first (at least to my knowledge) prototype of a fast (based on semiconductors) HVDC circuit breaker was presented. Christian M. Franck, Assistant Professor, Dr. rer. nat. ETH Zrich - High Voltage Laboratory
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Conclusions
Can truly independent transmission grids be realized ? Yes, it needs time and effort and designing new technical solutions above the heads of politicians. If not, we can discuss for ages on the subject of dual cross-border lines. With politically nominated TSO managers at the end of each line we will have an inefficient and costly system with many bottlenecks due to the various unspecified reasons. How to proceed quickly?
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Conclusions
Let s write together an application for EU funds for similar project. Let s say clearly that this project is for transit of energy to Central Europe from new plants located in the east. Let s agree on principles without typical attempt to block each other country Let s construct each hub for multiple connection with three or four land TSOs, let s invite the best technical firms for solving the necessary technical problems with such new layout
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