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benih fungsi gonad penting proses reproduksi OVARIUM : ovom, h steroid (estrogen & progesteron)
TESTIS
TESTIS
Memproduksi testesteron & spermatozoa 1.Spermatogenia & sel benih 2.Sel Leydig 3.Sel sartoli
Testis
Function:
1. Spermatogenesis (spermatozoa) 2. Androgen synthesis and secretion (h. testosteron)
Consists of:
1. Seminiferous tubules: nurtures the sperm as they develop. Each tubule is made up of germ cells and Sertoli cells 2. Leydig cells: steroid synthesizing cells.
Androgens
In males, androgens are secreted by Leydig cells of the testis, with only a small contribution from the adrenal. In male embryos androgen secretion by the Leydig cells is initiated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). T is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5 reductase in peripheral tissues. Embryonically, T stimulates the male external genitalia, while DHT is responsible for the development of the internal genitalia In adolescence, androgens stimulate skeletal growth and muscle protein synthesis. Androgens induce aggression and libido They also promote the development of both primary and secondary male sexual characteristics
ISOMERASE
PREGNENOLON
17ALFA OH ase
PROGESTERON
17 ALFA OH ase
17 ALFA OH PREGNENOLON
17 ALFA PROGESTERON
C17,20
LYASE
C17,20
LYASE
DHEA
17 BETA OHSD
ANDROSTENEDION
17 BETA OHSD
ANDROSTENEDIOL
TESTOSTERON
TESTOSTERON
16 OHsilasi Estriol
TESTIS
SEL SPERMATOGONIA : PENGHASIL SPERMATOZOA : PENGHASIL TESTOSTERON : PENGHASIL INHIBIN DAN ABP FUNGSI INHIBIN : PENGENDALI FSH SEL LEYDIG
SEL SERTOLI
E2
TESTOSTERON
ESTRADIOL ANDROSTANEDIOL DHT
ORGAN SASARAN
DHT ( 5 ALFA REDUKTASE ): PROSTAT,
VESIKULA SEMINALIS, GENETALIA EKSTERNA DAN KULIT GENETALIA.
TESTOSTERON
: STRUKTUR DARI
WOLFFIAN EMBRIONIK, SPERMATOGONIA, OTOT, TULANG DAN GINJAL.
FUNGSI ANDROGEN
1. ANDROGENIK 2. ANABOLIK : SINTESIS ABP, ALFA 2u GLOBULIN ( MALE MICE ) , DAN SINTESIS ENZIM DI GINJAL YANG BERPERAN PADA PROSES ANABOLIK .
17 KETO STEROID :
ANDROSTERON & ETIOKOLANOLON 2. Reduksi IKATAN RANGKAP pada CINCIN A DHT ( DIHIDROTESTOSTERON ) adanya 5 alfa reduktase & NADPH [prostat, genetalia eksterna & kulit]
TERAPI
T 5 alfa reduktase + NADPH ANDROSTENEDION Inhibitor 5 alfa reduktase
BPH
DHT
TESTOSTERON
DHT Anti Androgen Flutamid RESEPTOR ANDROGEN E2 + DHT / T HIPERTROFI PROSTAT ( BPH : benign prostatic hypertrophy)
E2 ( 17 BETA ESTRADIOL )
PADA LAKI - LAKI BERASAL :
1. AROMATISASI ANDROGEN DI PERIFER ( 90% ) 2. SINTESIS DI TESTIS ( 10% )
FUNGSI 17
ESTRADIOL [E2]
1. REGULASI FSH 2. TINGKAH LAKU SEKSUAL PADA BINATANG ( KARENA DISINTESIS DI OTAK ). 3. INDIREK MEMPENGARUHI SPERMATOGENESIS
PENINGKATAN SHBG
I. HIPERTIROID, SIROSIS HEPATIS DAN PENUAAN : BERAKIBAT TERJADINYA PENINGKATAN E2 BEBAS : T BEBAS SHG TERJADI E S T R O G E N I S A S I II. PADA LAKI-LAKI DAN WANITA : ENZIM AROMATASE MENINGKAT ( SEL LEMAK, KULIT DAN HATI ) DIDAPATKAN PADA : SIROSIS HEPATIS, HIPERTIROIDISME,
PENUAAN, OBESITAS,
Zn