Haematoxylin is a dye that stains acidic structures a purplish-blue Eosin is a dye that stains basic structures pinkish-red The

thicker the cross section, the greater the staining intensity

Demonstrates complex carbohydrates by staining them an attractive magenta Stains pure complex carbohydrates (e.g. glycogen) and carbohydrates which are complexed with proteins and lipids

Used to demostrate bacteria belonging to the microbacterium group Basic fuchsin mixed with phenol (red) and methylene blue are the two dyes used in this staining technique First dye is forced into the tissues by heating By exposing the section to acid and alcohol, first dye is washed out from the whole section except the Mycobacteria. Other tissues are then free to take up the blue dye, while the Mycobacteria remains red against a blue background

A mixture of methylene blue, eosin, and azure B. Used for staining protozoan parasites (e.g. Plasmodium, Trypanosoma) Blood film stain for peripheral blood smears and bone marrow specimens Erythrocytes stain pink; Platelets stain a light pale pink; Lymphocyte cytoplasm stains sky blue; Monocytes stain pale blue; Leukocyte nuclear chromatin stains magenta

Uses 2 solutions:
 Picric acid (yellow)  Acid fuchsin (red) - stains collagen orangey-red, and

other tissues yellow

Rarely used on its own; frequently combined with stain for elastin (Elastic-van Gieson) This method is particularly useful for the staining of arteries Also used to demonstrate the mixture of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis of the skin

Technique used to detect presence of ferric iron in tissues (usually at the site of old bleeding: haemosideria) Used to demonstrate excess accumulation of iron in various tissues in the primary ironstorage disease, haemochromatosis

Developed for use in resin sections of undecalcified bone in the elucidation of metabolic bone disease (e.g. osteomalacia; Pagets diesease) Uses different dyes to distinguish calcified bone (blue-green color) and uncalcified osteoid (red color) Haematoxylin stains the nuclei of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Used to demonstrate fungi, cells and fibers (particularly in the nervous system)

It is an iron haematoxylin method It demostrates myelin

The details are complicated but basically a specific monoclonal antibody is raised against a specific chemical in the tissues This is applied to a tissue section, and the antibody binds to any of its specific antigens in the tissue Visualized using fluorescent or colored marker Techniques like this localize substances like insulin, hormones, immunoglobulins and other substances in tissues