Modul-2

Outline
EVDO Network Structure EVDO Channel Structure EVDO Key Technology

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BTS Operation
Tx Power Maximum Power Tx Power Maximum Power

Control Channel

Control Channel

TRAFFIC Channel

TRAFFIC Channel
SYNC Channel PAGING Channel PILOT Channel
CDMA20001x Forward Channel

1xEV-DO Forward Channel

DATA

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Rev. A Improvements

Introduction to Signalling

Rev. A Improvements

Introduction to Signalling

1X EV-DO Network Structure

Glosary AT : Access Terminal PDSN : Packet Data Serving Node AAA : Authentication, Authorization, Acounting

AN : Access Network HA : Home Agent PCF : Packet data Control Function RADIUS : Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
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Network Implementation
Centralized Structure

Leverage Current Investment

Sharing the same RF with 95/1X Insert new EVDO channel cards and software upgrade

Flexible Network Configuration

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FORWARD CHANNEL PILOT

EVDO Rev. A Channel Structure

REVERSE CHANNEL Access

AUX PILOT* Medium Access Control Reverse Activity Channel Reverse Power Control DRC lock ARQ * PILOT DATA Traffic PILOT MAC Reverse Rate Indicator Data Rate Control Data Source Control* TRAFFIC ACK CONTROL
Access Terminal (AT)

Access Network (AN)

* Rev A Only

DATA

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Forward Channel Features

The Forward Channel (AN to AT) provides the connections between AN and each AT. The Forward Channel has following features:
The data rate is in a range of 38.4 kbit/s~3.1 Mbps Always at full power transmission, no power control; Selecting the best service area according to the measurement of C/I in Forward Channel and working at the highest data rate; The subscribers in a certain service area will share an unique data service channel in a way of TDM.
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FORWARD CHANNEL PILOT

Forward Channel Structure

Pilot: common channel for all users to lock on the specific frequency Forward MAC channel : RA : to dynamically control the
workload of Reverse Channel RPC : for power control of AT DRC lock : If AN cant receive the DRC signals from AT, the DRC channel will stop the AT. ARQ : to retransmit packet error

Medium Access Control Reverse Activity Channel Reverse Power Control DRC lock ARQ *

Access Network (AN)

TRAFFIC

Control: to send broadcasting common configuration parameters page, signaling, channel assignment, schedule Traffic: to send data
* Rev A Only
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CONTROL

Basic Operation of Forward Link

FORWARD CHANNEL

Access Network (AN)

All sectors transmit forward pilot bursts simultaneously PILOT Each AT estimates C/I of active pilots, predicts C/I and Medium Access best rate to request for Control forward link service Each slot, the AT reports the Reverse Activity Channel requested rate and sector for transmission via the DRC channel Reverse Power Control The AN schedules transmission of preamble and DRC lock data sequentially to each AT, based on DRC contents ARQ * AT monitors preamble and decodes data after preamble is detected TRAFFIC Reverse power control and other MAC information are constantly sent over the * Rev A Only CONTROL forward channel
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FL Frame Structure

ZTE-STTELKOM Training Center

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EV-DO Rev A. FL Data Rates

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Time Division Multiplexed in FL

In 1xEV-DO, the whole forward link is used as a shared Fat Pipe, TDMed by all users. The subscribers share the channel according to the resource allocation algorithms such as Round Robin and maximizing throughput.
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Reverse Channel Features

The reverse channels provide connections between AT and AN. The reverse channels have the following features:
Data rates is up to 1.8 Mbps; Soft switch; Dynamic power control; Workload of reverse channels is adjusted by rate control.
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 Reverse Access Channels to initiate calls or respond to AN paging messages at data rate of 9.6 kbps
Reverse Pilot Channels Data Channels Auxiliary Pilot

Reverse Channel Structure

AUX PILOT* PILOT DATA

REVERSE CHANNEL Access

Reverse Traffic Channels Pilot coherent demodulation MAC, DRC to give instructions to AN,
including the requested data rate of forward traffic channels and the service areas selected by forward channels. RRI to indicate the data rate of in operation reverse data channels DSC to give advance notice of the ATs intent to switch cells

Traffic PILOT MAC Reverse Rate Indicator Data Rate Control Data Source Control* ACK DATA
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Access Terminal (AT)

Data to transfer reverse data ACK to confirm data packets

delivery from AN. NAK bits will be sent if demodulation failed

Basic Operation of Reverse Link

REVERSE CHANNEL Access

When an AT has an air link, the reverse pilot are transmitted constantly Reverse link is power controlled to achieve reliable BER Reverse data is transmitted when available at rate specified in Reverse MAC protocol RRI Reverse Rate Indicator is sent over the MAC channel to help AN decode the reverse data channel

AUX PILOT* PILOT DATA Traffic PILOT MAC Reverse Rate Indicator Data Rate Control Data Source Control* ACK DATA
Access Terminal (AT)

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EV-DO Rev A. RL Data Rates

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DSC Channel Example

DSC auxiliary virtual soft handoff: The DSC notifies the AN in advance that the target cell of this handoff to shorten the handoff delay.

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RL Access Probe Structure

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RLTraffic Channel Sub-Frame Structure

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Reverse Traffic Pilot / RRI Channel

Pilot channel : enabling coherent demodulation at AN. RRI channel: reporting reverse transmission rate. Mapped from RRI 3-bit symbol, 7-bit RRI codeword is multiplexed with pilot before transmission.

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Reverse Traffic ACK Channel

Indicating whether a data packet on the forward traffic channel has been received successfully.
0 = successful 1 = failed

The ACK channel bit is transmitted at 9.6kbps By using ACK channel in RL, AN can early terminate multi-slot packet transmission and increased the actual throughput.

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Reverse Traffic DRC Channel

AT sends the request of the desired data rate and best serving sector of the forward channel to AN over the DRC channel. DRCCover:indicating the demanded data rate DRCValue: selecting the best serving sector.

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Reverse Rate Control

The AN controls the ATs reverse link data rate using three techniques.

Reverse Rate Limit message used by the AN to control the transmission rate on the Reverse Link for one or more ATs. Reverse Activity Bit used to specify that the sectors Reverse Link is busy Reverse Rate Transition Probability Vectors AN configures each AT with two rate transition vectors associated with not busy or busy statuses.
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1XEVDO Key Technology

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Adaptive Modulation and Coding

1xEV-DO dynamically adjust FL data rate, modulation scheme and coding rate using the feedback from AT through DRC channel
15 10

FL C/I(dB)

1000

2000

3000

4000 slot index

5000

6000

7000

8000

2500

Requested Rate(kbps)

2000 1500 1000 500 0

1000

2000

3000

4000 slot index

5000

6000

7000

8000

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Fast Cell Site Selection and Handoff

At any instance there is only one serving sector for a specific AT

AP3 Server before t1 AP1

AP2 Server after t1 AP4

current sector forward data rate After handoff AP2 forward data rate Pilot/MAC on FWD link Pilot/DRC/ACK/Traffic on REV Link (APs in ATs active set)

Serving AP AP1

Serving AP change

AP2

t1

Time

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Serving Sector Selection

Serving Sector Selection
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 0

SINR, dB

Sector 0 Sector 1 Serving Sector Index

2 4 6 tim e, sec 8 10 12 14

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Ec/Io and C/I

There are two main ways of expressing signal quality in 1xEV-DO C/I is the ratio of serving sector power to everything else
C/I determines the forward data rate mobiles measure C/I during the pilot burst period, then from it decide what data rate to request on the DRC

Ec/Io is the ratio of one sectors pilot power to the total received power
the mobile uses Ec/Io to choose which sectors to request for its active set

Ec/Io and C/I are related, and one can be calculated from the other EVDO Ec/Io is close to 0 db near a sector, and ranges down to -10 at a cells edge EVDO C/I can be above +10 db near a sector, and -20 or lower at the edge 30
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Relationship of Ec/Io and C/I in 1xEV-DO

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End of Section 2
1xEVDO Operations

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