Khalil El-Arroudi, Mohamed Moktar, Belkasem El-Obadi, Salah Sanoga and Saleh Osman ElMoktar, El-Obadi,

Transmission System Operation and Control General Electric Company Of Libya Tripoli, Libya

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3rd APUTDE Conference on Future of Electicity in the Arab World, December 14-17, 2009, Tunis

Presentation Outline
y General overview of GECOL network y Overview of DSM y Applications of DSM in GECOL y Current DSM Projects in GECOL y Global DSM between Maghreb Countries A

feasibility Study y Summary

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2009 Key Figures

Peak Load Installed Generation capacity Generated Energy 400 kV Transmission system 220 kV Transmission system 30, 66 kV Subtransmission 11 kV distribution Customers Per-Capita Consumption Urban & Rural Electrification Rate

5282MW 6039 MW 28,666 GWh 1764km 14,000 km 22,000 km 45,000 km 1,224,190 4,158 kWh ~99%
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Power Plants
Power plant type steam turbine Gas turbine Combined cycle total generation
Combined cycle 34%

Installed capacity (MW)

1990 2515 2340

%
29 37 34 100

6845
power plant type

Gas turbine 37%

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steam turbine 29%

3rd APUTDE Conference on Future of Electicity in the Arab World, December 14-17, 2009, Tunis

Performance Indices Transmission System

98.44 0.27 98.1 3.48 75 713 0.16 21.7 0 0 10.6 95 93 94
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Average interconnection availability Share of imported energy System energy efficiency Frequency violation events Period of frequency violations Supply continuity interruption Forced interruption System minutes interruption Voltage violation events Period of voltage violations Equipment unavailability Dependability of protection system Selectivity of protection system Security of protection system
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(%) (%) (%) /( ( ) ( / ( /( ( ) (%) (%) (%) (%)

5

/ 100 ) /

Peak load Trends between years 1985 2009

6000

2009

1985

5000

y = 0.0002x6 - 0.0159x5 + 0.5608x4 - 9.8574x3 + 90.514x2 - 265.85x + 989.75 R = 0.9976

4000

3000 .) ( 2000 1000

0 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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Overview of DSM Technology

y Demand-Side Management (DSM) is a set of cooperative activities between the utility and its customers either directly or through the assistance of third-parties such as energy services companies to implement options for increasing the efficiency of energy utilization, with resulting benefits to the customer, utility, and society y Among the benefits that are of great interest to GECOL are:
y improving the reliability and quality of power supply y increasing spinning reserve y lowering the cost of delivered energy, y enhancing load factor, y optimizing economic dispatching, y reducing investments in generation sectors, y increasing the energy efficiency, contributing to the economic development,

and minimizing adverse environmental impacts.

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Applications of DSM in GECOL

y The application case study covers three different

applications, namely:
y reshaping the system load-curve by shifting substantial

industrial loads; and therefore, improving system reliability through decrease in demand, y reducing the system technical losses by adopting a comprehensive methodology for optimizing the network operational topology, y increasing the energy efficiency by installing cogeneration units using combined-cycle technology
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A. Reshaping Daily Load Curve

y This method depends on the analysis of load sectors, namely; the agricultural, industrial, residential and public services. y This method will focus on removing a part of the load from the evening (maximum) Load and re-distributing it at the minimum load in order to get convergence between the minimum and maximum either by direct action (remote control to open and lock the circuit breakers feeding the loads), or indirect action by encouragement method such as dual tariff. y Proposed Methodologies:
y Average demand Methodology y Generation reserve methodology

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3rd APUTDE Conference on Future of Electicity in the Arab World, December 14-17, 2009, Tunis

Analysis of load sectors

y The minimum load period starts from 1 O clock to 7 O clock where the difference

between each hourly load and average value could be distributed between the load sectors as follows; 40% agriculture, 40% residential, and 20% street lighting and general services . y In the same way , the power could be rejected from peak load period , which starting from 19 O clock to 24 O clock, but with different load distribution between sectors as follows; 20% residential, 30% agriculture, 30% industrial, 10% commercial, and 10% street lighting and general services.

Load Analysis
public utilies 28% Residential 27%

Agricultural 13%

Commercial 12%

Industrial 20%

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Table (2-A): 2009 Winter peak reshaping using Average Load methodology. GECOL LOAD IN MW (Pl) Redistribution of commercial agriculture residential P industrial public utilities Periods sum

HOURS

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19:30 20 21 22 23 24 aver max L.F Pa

3515 3328 3301 3203 3272 3679 3907 4071 4204 4172 4267 4191 4328 4365 4313 4431 4441 4670 5015 4685 4640 4620 4306 4106 4109 5015 82% 4109

594 781 808 906 837 430 0

238 312 323 362 335 172

238 312 323 362 335 172 0

119 156 162 181 167 86

minimum load period

3703

406

P=|PL-Pa|

162

162

81

4109 4109 4109 4109 4109 4109 4109 3907 4071 4204 4172 4267 4191 4328 4365 4313 4431 4441

none distributed period

None distributed period

561 906 576 531 511 197 -3

157 245 156 143 138 53 -1

62 118 75 69 66 26 0

107 181 115 106 102 39 -1

67 109 69 64 61 24 0

168 161 149 143 55 -1 peak load period 254

none distributed period

4109 4109 4109 4109 4109 4109 4109 4169 4441 94%

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Table 2-B: Minimum Load period of Table 2-A 1 o'clock load *Load sector Load sector % 3703 residential agriculture industrial commercial public utilities 27% 13% 20% 12% 28% 100% PL 3703 Pa 4109 1000 481 741 444 1037 3703 Target % 0 40% 40% 0 20% 100% Target value 0 162 162 0 81 406 New load value(M.W) 1000 644 903 444 1118 4109 New load % 24% 16% 22% 11% 27% 100% ** Load gain 406( M.W) New 1 o'clock load

Table 2-C: Peak Load period of Table 2-A

19 o'clock load *Load sector Load sector % 4670 residential agriculture industrial commercial public utilities 27% 13% 20% 12% 28% 100% PL 4670 Pa 4109 * Load sector % = Load sector / hourly load(PL) 1260.9 607.1 934 560.4 1307.6 4670

**

Load gain 561( M.W)

New 19 o'clock load

Target % 20% 30% 30% 10% 10% 100%

Target value 112 168 168 56 56 561

New load value(M.W) 1149 439 766 504 1252 4109

New load % 28% 11% 19% 12% 30% 100%

** this percent is taken by experience and the general method of daily load curve reshape

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GECOL LOAD IN MW (Pl)

Table(3-A): 2009 Winter peak reshaping using generation reserve. Redistribution of P P=|PL-Pa| commercial agriculture residential industrial HOURS public utilities Period peak load period none distributed period 92 0 -13 -18 -106 -162 minimum load period sum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19:30 20 21 22 23 24 aver max L.F Pa

3703 3515 3328 3301 3203 3272 3679 3907 4071 4204 4172 4267 4191 4328 4365 4313 4431 4441 4670 5015 4685 4640 4620 4306 4106 4109 5015 82% 4109

982 1170 1357 1384 1482 1413 1006 none distributed period

393 468 543 554 593 565 402

393 468 543 554 593 565 402

196 234 271 277 296 283 201

Non distributed period

330 0 -45 -65 -379 -579

89 0 -12 -18 -102 -156

43 0 -6 -8 -49 -75

66 0 -9 -13 -76 -116

40 0 -5 -8 -45 -69

4685 4685 4685 4685 4685 4685 4685 3907 4071 4204 4172 4267 4191 4328 4365 4313 4431 4441 4670 4685 4685 4685 4685 4685 4685 4491 4685 96%

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P distributed on sectors is the difference between the minimum and maximum load as seen in the attendant Tables (3-B) & (3-C) 3rd APUTDE Conference on Future of Electicity in the Arab World, December 14-17, 2009, Tunis

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B. Minimizing Technical Losses

y Applied Methodologies: y Improving Phase unbalance y Optimizing 30kV network topology y Power factor correction
Voltage level KV 220\132 66\60\30 Measured value % 2.8 4.9 Calculated value % 2.0 3.3 Notes Without Transformers With 220\30 transformers 7.5% as a sample 5% Kepco measured samples

11 Total

7.5 15.2

8 13.3

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combined-cycle technology
y Detailed daily data is prepared about fuel consumption and energy production

from different generating units, specially combined cycle units, which represents about 41% of total energy produced in Libyan network. y 15% of combined cycle units are steam based turbines, while 26% of them are gas based turbines , the total generated energy from combined cycle units is about 32 GWH/day , 12 GWH generated from steam based turbines , while 20 GWH generated from gas based turbines.
Generation from Different Unit Types Mwh

C.C Gas, 20,538, 26%

Large Gas, 20,238, 25%

C.C steam, 11,837, 15% Small Gas, 3,879, 5% 14/12/2009 Steam, 22,900, 29%

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combined-cycle technology Cost savings

y Case 1: With combined cycle technology y This generation production needs daily about 7000 m3 of light fuel, with rate of 0.218 m3 / MWH, which cost about 602,000 LYD. y On the other hand, it needs 5 million m3 of gas, with rate of 156 m3 / MWH which cost 100,000 LYD. y Case 2: Without combined cycle technology y Without using combined cycle units, the above figures will increases up, 10,500 m3 of light fuel, which cost 900,000 LD and 7.5 million m3 of gas which cost 150,000 LYD. y Cost Savings:
y y
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Using Light Fuel cost saving 300,000 LYD Using Gas Fuel Cost saving 50,000 LYD
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combined-cycle technology Environmental Impact

y CO2 Emission during 2008 without using combined cycle technology
Fuel type Gas Light fuel Heavy fuel MWH 10541915 8851515 5670738 Fuel m3 3323188774 3363604 1802846 Conversion factor 0.185 2.518 2.674 Kg CO2 /year 1950180275 8469554872 4820810204

y CO2 Emission during 2008 with combined cycle technology

Fuel type Gas Light fuel Combined Cycle MWH 10541915 8851515 3601973 Fuel m3 1825000000 2555000 --Conversion factor 0.185 2.518 2.674 Kg CO2 /year 1078557500 7056654500 1947046505

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Current DSM Projects in GECOL

y Tasks: y Develop sector level load curves for load and consumption for eight major sectors based on detailed metering and monitoring. These load curves will help GECOL determine critical components to determine growth and where DSM efforts should focus. y Conduct an assessment of Libya s DSM potential from economic achievable perspective. y Design, implement, and evaluate pilot programs for three customers sectors y Design long-term programs for wider implementation across Libya including identifying needed technologies and staff capabilities
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Develop Metering Plan

y Develop a sampling plan to develop load curves for weekdays

and weekends for the following main sectors:

- Residential: apartments (10), Villa (10) and houses (10) - Street lighting (40), - Commercial (40), - Government (40), Industrial (40)

y The sampling plan will be based on anticipated consumption

variances an the population and will target 80% confidence level with +/-10% precision at the sector level. y The loads are measured for a period of two weeks. y Sampling includes the peak cooling (summer) and peak heating (winter) seasons. y Sampling includes two day types (working, holyday)
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24-hour commercial building load shape analyses

y DSM Portfolio Pro is a tool for DSM planner and program designer for analyzing DSM results, including energy-impacts, capacity impacts and environmental benefits on 8760 time basis.

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Long term program design

y Construction building codes and standards: develop

alternative models for several building codes to simulate savings. These cost-benefit data will help GECOL build a case for revised building codes y Appliance codes: including air conditioners, motors, appliances. Cost-benefit analyses for various levels of appliances efficiencies will be developed for revised appliance import standards.

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Conduct the evaluation

y Data analysis tools including SAA, SPSS and Excel y Impact evaluation include: y Estimation of energy impacts: Statistical models and engineering model y Estimation of demand impacts: load profiles, seconadry load profile, end-use metering y Estimation of cost-effectiveness: y Estimation of environmental impacts: including various environmental components such as carbon, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide based on GECOL fuel generation mix

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Global DSM between Maghreb Countries A feasibility Study by COMELAC Planning Committe
50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

( ( ( ( (

) ) ) ) )

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Global DSM between Maghreb Countries A feasibility Study by COMELAC Planning Committee ( . )

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Global DSM between Maghreb Countries A feasibility Study by COMELAC Planning Committee
2015
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

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Summary
y The GECOL case study covered three different applications,

namely:
y reshaping the system load-curve by shifting substantial industrial

loads; and therefore, improving system reliability through decrease in demand, y reducing the system technical losses by adopting a comprehensive methodology for optimizing the network operational topology, y increasing the energy efficiency by installing cogeneration units using combined-cycle technology. Overview of DSM y The DSM plays vital role in daily operation of power grids; it has substantial impact in both economy and environment. Therefore, the DSM applications have to be taken as a prior issue for daily operating policy for GECOL in order to get real benefits for system operation
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Thank you for your attention

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