CM101/102

WEB TECHNOLOGY FUNFAMENTALS

A Programme Under the Compumitra Education Series

Copyright 2010 Sunmitra Education Technologies Limited, India

OUTLINE
Definition of Internet? How it Works Common Terms Concept of HyperText and HTTP. Web Protocol Layers. Website Languages. HTML. ASP ASP.NET ASP.NET Vs PHP ASP.NET Vs JAVA

Definition of Internet
Network of Networks
Connectivity of many independent or local computer networks with each other

How it Works?
You send a request for information from your computer connected to a modem (Device that connects your computer to a communication link). You requests reaches the Internet Service Provider (ISP), who in turn arranges to send it to the requested internet server. The returned response follows back to you using the same ISP. There are millions of ISPs who are internetworked together. Each message travel through multiple routers belonging to any one of the ISPs.

Commonly Used Terms - 1

Client-Server: An information-passing scheme that works as follows: a client program, such as Netscape, sends a request to a server. The server takes the request, disconnects from the client and processes the request. Protocol: a protocol is a set of rules which is used by computers to
communicate with each other across a network

TCP/IP: Stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. These

two are end to end protocols: TCP works at host level to control assembly of packets and IP works at internet router level to control the direction of traffic.

URL: Uniform Resource Locator: an address of a web page, ftp site, audio
stream or other Internet resource, for example, http://en.wiktionary.org/

IP address: A numeric unique value usually defined in four octets (32Bits)

like 168.34.123.255 . A new scheme of 128 (Called IPv6) is also available now. One with 32 bits is called IPv4.

Domain Name: A domain name is an identification label to define realms

of administrative autonomy, authority, or control in the Internet, based on the Domain

Commonly Used Terms - 2

World Wide Web (WWW): is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. Homepage: the opening page of a web site Web-Portals, Websites: Links to web pages that maintain lists of district or county web sites. Search Engines: are tools that help you to find things on the Internet. One example of a popular search engine is Google. HTML: a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents

Concept of HyperText and HTTP

Terms was first coined by Ted Nelson in 1965. HyperText: Hyper means More or Over and Text means meaningfully ordered language symbols. More here means inviting a reader to look for more information. All documents that show information using this concept are called hypertext documents. May it be the Main Page or the Hyperlinked Page. Recursive hyperlinking is also possible (Returning to same page again). An end to end application level protocol to handle request-response communication of such a kind of data between client and server is called the HTTP or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP laid the foundation of developing WWW in 1990 by Tim Berners Lee.

This is an hyperlink. This is plane Text.

This is the text that comes after clicking over the hyperlink.

Web Protocol Layers

Internet Explorer or Chrome type of Browser Software at Client Machine IIS or apache kind of Software at Server machine

HTTP
Request Port 80 Response

HTTP
Port 80

TCP

TCP

IP 122.161.15.168 HOST

IP 72.167.232.1 HOST

IIS A Webserver Program

IIS or Internet Information Server is a webserver program from Microsoft. It comes along with many version of Windows. It may however need to be installed as an add-on component. On Windows XP it acts like a personal web server where mutiple sites can be published within the single web service port as directory level webshares. This is the most convenient way to test websites on a local server often called the Localhost. The IP address that represents a local host is 127.0.0.1. You may be required to set permissions to run sites on an IIS server. It is the best program to run ASP or ASP.NET pages. Its primary job is to interpret an HTTP request and prepare a suitable response. It also provides an application platform level support to processes created by Active Server Pages and the ASP.NET framework.

Languages used to create a website

HTML: a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents. DHTML: Enhancements to HTML that creates dynamic effects (interaction and animation), This includes mouseover kind of actions, javascript, Style Sheets and client side object orientation model called Document Object Model (DOM). ASP/ASP.NET: Two variations of active server technologies where interaction is achieved by using language interpretation at the server end. JAVA/JSP: Java based interaction technology. PHP: PHP hypertext processor, a relatively simple powerful scripting technology with server side processing.

Introduction to HTML
Primarily meant to render text on the client side. Extensively uses markups. For e.g. <B>Bold Text</B> Simple Text based format editable in basic notepad kind of programs. File Extension .htm or .html . Basic HTML is static. (one Time page display rendering) Inteactive and programming features come with the use of DHTML.

Creating a HTML File

Use a simple text editor like Notepad or WordPad. First tag: <html>
Indicates that you are starting an HTML document

Last tag: </html>

Indicates that you are ending an HTML document

Save file as index.html. This is a typical filename often used for home pages. More HTML and DHTML editing features can be found in tools like Frontpage, Expressionweb or Dreamweaver etc.

My First HTML Page

Markup Tags

Display rendering as heading style 1 which means a predefined font size by the browser.

Introduction to ASP
ASP = Active Server Page Provide server side programming capability. Interpreted by IIS Kind of webserver programs. Fully Featured Scripting Language that provides the power to Build web based Applications rather than just interactivity on web. Connectivity to SQL and other databases is also provided. Many commercial websites are build using this technology.

My First ASP Page

Special <% and %> marks to indicate active code to be interpreted by the server

My First ASP Page

Response.write() ASP function converts its input to a regular HTML stream at the server end and any thing inside brackets is then interpreted by the browser. This code can not run unless a server that supports ASP is available.

Introduction to ASP.NET
Microsofts Technology that provides Major enhancements over its Active Server Technology. Interpreted or Compiled Version of Server side coding is available. Server is provided with high degree of caching to quickly serve frequently made requests from multiple clients. Interface component and Application component can be separated at server level. This provides better structure and neat application solution. Support for programming in mutiple languages like VB, C# etc. Support for a Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) which allows compilation to a Common Intermediate Language (CIL). This runs of Common Language Runtime System (CLR) provided by a software layer called DOT.NET Framework provided over the operating system. This way DOT.NET technology can be easily supported on many other operating systems also.

My First ASP.NET Page.

Special ASP.NET web control with runat=server atrribute Sample code

.Text property of asp:label class does all the trick for you.

Preview

ASP.NET Vs PHP
ASP.NET

Active Server Page Using .NET Technology. Script as well compiled Version. Microsoft Technology. Well Structured. Regular IDE Available. Supports Many Development Languages. May Initially require understanding of many concepts. Less inclined towards Open Databases like MySQL. More towards MSSQL Server. In active use since 2003, so more newer sites use it.

PHP
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (Recursive Acronym). Only Script Version. Open Source Technology. Less Structured. No Regular IDE. Supports only interpreted script. May be easy for beginners. Easy Connectivity with MySQL kind of Open Databases. In active use from a longer duration, so many older sites still use this.

ASP.NET Vs JAVA
ASP.NET

Active Server Page Using .NET Technology. Script as well compiled Version. Microsoft Technology. Regular IDE Available. Supports Many Development Languages. May Initially require understanding of many concepts. Less inclined towards Open Databases like MySQL. More towards MSSQL Server. In active use since 2003, so more newer sites use it. Easy Configuration and Administration

JAVA 2 (J2EE)
Java 2 Enterprise Edition. Script As Well Compiled. Suns Open Source Technology. IDE Available but less effective. Supports mainly JAVA. Steep Learning Path. Easier Connectivity with Oracle kind of Databases. In active use from a longer duration, so widespread use but now depleting market share. Not so easy configuration and administration.

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