Modeling of FACTS Devices Based on SPWM VSCs

BY
E.ANIL KUMAR K.MAHENDER K.SRIVANI S.V DURGA BHAVANI

ABSTRACT
In this contribution, two voltage-source converter (VSC) voltagemodels based on Fourier series and hyperbolic tangent function are proposed. proposed. In this contribution, two voltage-source converter (VSC) voltagemodels based on Fourier series and hyperbolic tangent function are proposed. proposed. The undesirable error introduced by the high rates in the commutation instants are removed

Power flow in a transmission line VSVR PSR ! sin H VS VR jX X and VR ! VS  jXI

PSR

VR
H

jXI

VS
To increase PSR, increase H

FACTS: FACTS:
Flexible AC Transmission System (Facts) is a new integrated concept based on power electronic switching converters and dynamic controllers to enhance the system utilization and power transfer capacity as well as the stability, security, reliability and power quality of AC system interconnections.

FACTS KEY DEVICES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FACTS DEVICES

Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

STATCOM

Fig.1 Sample three-Bus study test system with the STATCOM located at bus B2 to stabilize the AC system

It capacitive is a static synchronous generator as shunt static var compensator whose or inductive current can be controlled independent of the system voltage. voltage.

The STATCOM scheme in parallel with AC power grid system and is controlled by a dynamic controller as shown in Fig.1. Fig.

sssc

pulse

Single line diagram representing the series SSSC scheme interfaced at sending end of the Transmission line (Bus B1)

Novel Controller

The static synchronous series compansator is a series device which injects a voltage in series with the transmission line The main function of the SSSC is to regulate the TL power flow PL. This can be accomplished by either direct control of the line current or indirect (E control by compensating for the TL impedance, Xs via a compensating injected voltage, Vs.

(E

UPFC
FACTS UPFC controller scheme

UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC)

UPFC is the most versatile device of the family of FACTS devices,since it is able to control the active and reactive power. power. The UPFC scheme consists of two basic switching power converter namely shunt and series converters connected to each other through a dc link capacitor. capacitor. The shunt converter operates exactly as STATCOM for reactive power compensation and voltage stabilization. stabilization. The series converter operates as SSSC to control the real power flow

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VSCS

The models presented in our paper are an enhancement of the sixsix-pulse VSC based on a conventional switching function approach, since we preserve all the advantages of the ideal switch model and eliminate its disadvantages. disadvantages. The conventional switching function approach is a special case when the maximum harmonic order in the Fourier model is infinite and when the cutoff frequency is infinite in the hyperbolic tangent model.

Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)

SPWM process

Single-phase equivalent circuit

Switching function Switching function

SINUSOIDAL PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION PULSECONVERTER REPRESENTATION Fourier Model

The switching instants Ts are obtained with the solution of the nonlinear algebraic equations set describing the saw tooth waveform and Vs In principle, the computation of the switching instants requires the application of an iterative process for the solution of the nonlinear algebraic equations.

CONCLUSION
Two efficient VSC models based on Fourier series approach and hyperbolic tangent have been proposed for the six-pulse converter. sixcompute both the transient and the periodic steady-state solution of a steadypower network containing VSC-based FACTS. VSCFACTS.