INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Mr. V.Thirumal reddy,

B.Tech , M.Tech (OU),

Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Units 1 Lecture-1 Introduction Classification of I. C. Engines

Heat Engine

Input EnergyDevice

Output Energy

Chemical Energy/ Heat

(Mechanical Power)

Heat Engines Introduction Engine is a device for converting one form of energy into another form. Normally most of the engines convert Thermal Energy into Mechanical Energy. Hence they are called Heat Engines. Heat Engines can be broadly categorized as 1. Internal Combustion Engines 1. External Combustion Engines

Classification of Heat Engines

Heat Engines I C Engines E C Engines

CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES

Heat Engines

I.C. Engines

E.C. Engines

Rotary

Reciprocating

Reciprocating

Rotary

Open Cycle Gas Turbines

Wankel Engine

Gasoline Engine

Diesel Engine

Steam Engine

Stirling Engine

Steam Turbine

Closed Cycle Gas Turbines

Advantages of IC Engines over EC Engines 1. IC Engines have Higher Overall Efficiency 2.The Engine has Low Weight to Power Ratio 3.IC Engine Requires less space 4.It has Greater Mechanical Simplicity 5.Offers Easy and Instantaneous Start from cold conditions

Cross-section of Internal Combustion Engine

CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES
1. Basic Engine Design: 2. Working Cycle: 3. Number of Strokes: 4. Type of Ignition 5. Fuel used: 6. Method of Fuel Supply: 7. Method of Cooling: 8. Cylinder Arrangement: 9. Method of Charging: 10. Applications: 11. Engine Speed

Classification of IC Engines IC Engines are classified in various ways depending on their functional characteristics 1. Basic Engine Design: A. Reciprocating Engines B. Rotary Engines (Wankel Engine) 2. Working Cycle: A. Engines working on OTTO Cycle (SI Engines) B. Engines working on DIESEL Cycle (CI Engines) 3. Number of Strokes: A. Four Stroke Engines B. Two Stroke Engines

Reciprocating & rotary Engines

4 stroke & 2 stroke engines :-

4. Based On Type Of Ignition

A. Spark Ignition Engines Spark Is Generated Through An External Source B. Compression Ignition Engines Air Is Heated To A Sufficiently High Temperature Because Of High Compression Ratio

The Fuel Gets Self-ignited On Injection As Finely

Atomized Spray. Needs A Fuel Injection System

Classification of IC Engines (Contd.

5. Fuel used *:
1. Gasoline or Petrol Engines 2. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Engines 3. Diesel Engines

6. Classification Based On Type Of Cooling

Cooling Is Essential For The Satisfactory And Healthy Working Of The Engine (Otherwise Results In Engine Seizing) Two Types Of Engine Cooling In Practice Air-cooled Engine Water Cooled Engine

Classification Of IC Engines (Contd.) 7. Fuel Supply: a. Carbureted type- Fuel supplied through Carburetor b. Injection type- Fuel supplied through injector Fuel injected into the cylinder just before Ignition.

9. Type Of Cylinder Arrangements (Contd.) In-line Engine V- Engine Opposed Cylinder Engine Opposed Piston Engine Radial Engine X-type Engine H-type Engine

In-line engine :-

V-Type :-

Opposite cylinder :-

Radial Engine :-

Different Cylinder Arrangements in Multi-Cylinder Engines

10. Classification Based On

Method Of Charging 1. Naturally Aspirated Engines Admission Of Fuel-air Mixture At Near Atmospheric Pressure 1. Super-charged Engines Admission Of Fuel- Air Mixture Under Pressure (Above Atmospheric)

11. Classification Based On Applications: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Motor cycle engine Automobiles Earth Movers Locomotive engine Marine engine Aero engine Prime movers for Electric Generators

Classification of IC Engines (Contd.) 12. Engine Speed Low Speed - up to 500 rpm Medium Speed 500 to 1000 rpm High Speed - above 1000 rpm
Note: The mean Piston speed given by V = 2*N*Ls gives a more representative indication of the Engine speed

Operation of 2-stroke Petrol Engine

Operation of 4-stroke Petrol Engine