Database Management System

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Objectives
By the end of this session you will be able to define

Database Details
Database Management System Database Models

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Database
Database is an organized collection of information about one particular Enterprise

Banking

Telecom

Internet Advertising

Amount of Information grows parallel to the requirement of managing it efficiently

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DBMS
Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to assist for Storage of Data

Retrieve stored Data Manipulate stored Data

As an Add on services DBMS do provide features like

Safety from unauthorised access of data Backup and recovery mechanism

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DBMS Key Features

Database Management System (DBMS) provide two key features Data Abstraction

Physical Level Logical Level View Level

Data independence Physical Data Independence Logical Data Independence
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Need for DBMS

An Enterprise application running on conventional File system may encounter following Issues: Data redundancy and inconsistency

Difficulty in accessing data Data Isolation and Integration Issues Integrity Problems Atomicity Problems Concurrency Issues Security Issues
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Database Models
Data Model describes how the data is stored, represented and relationship between data elements.

DBMS Classification as Data Models

Hierarchical

Network

Relational

Object Oriented

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Network Model : Introduction

Network Model is an oldest representation of Database Specifications for Network Model were Introduced by CODASYLDBTG Group in late 1960s

Network Model represent the information using 2 aspects Record Link Customer
Customer Name Customer Street
Depositor Account

Customer City

Account Number
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Balance

Network Model : Data Structure Diagrams

DSD represents design of Network Model Boxes Represents record type Lines Represents links Relationship 1:M is represented by Relationship 1:1 is represented by
Customer

Customer Name Customer Street

Depositor

Customer City
Account

Account Number
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Balance

Network Model : Data Structure Diagrams

Customer

Customer Name Customer Street

Customer City
Account

Account Number

Balance

RLink

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DBTG Codasyl Model

Data Manipulation commands are embedded in host language Command will help programmer to select records from the
database based on the value of specified field

Commands will be available to find the owner of the set, iterated

to members and also to update the records
Customer

Customer Name Customer Street

Depositor

Customer City
Account

Account Number
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Balance

Network Model : Implementation Techniques

Links are implemented with the help of Pointer Fields

Customer Name Scott Customer Street Customer City China Street NewYork

Account Number A-101

Balance 12000

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Hierarchical Model : Introduction

Hierarchical Model represent the information using 2 aspects Record Link Difference with Network Model is that records are organized as
collection of tress
Scott China Street NewYork James Park Street NewJersey

A-101

12000

A-101

12000 A-101 12000

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Hierarchical Model : Tree Structure Diagrams

TSD represents design of Hierarchical Model Boxes Represents record type Lines Represents links Relationship 1:M is represented by Relationship 1:1 is represented by
Customer

Customer Name Customer Street

Depositor

Customer City
Account

Account Number
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Balance

Hierarchical Model : Data Structure Diagrams M:M

Customer Name Customer Street Customer City

Account Number

Balance

Account Number

Balance

Customer Name

Customer Street

Customer City

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Hierarchical Model : Implementation Techniques

Customer Name Customer Street Customer City

Virtual Record

Virtual Record

Customer Name

Customer Street

Customer City

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Relational Model

Summary